Beeswax Alternative
Prior to the 19th century, beeswax was the predominant wax for candles. It was prized because it burned brighter than other varieties of candles and, though it was expensive, it was accessible to more people than other varieties of wax. Today, beeswax has been replaced by other varieties of wax as the most common wax used in candles. Does this Spark an idea?
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Paraffin Wax
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Paraffin wax is most commonly used to make candles. It is a synthetic wax, but it is nontoxic. In fact, many candles are made from food grade paraffin, which is used in makeup, preservatives or medicines. Petroleum workmen introduced paraffin wax in the 1850s when they discovered how to separate the waxy substance from oil. As a byproduct of the massive petroleum industry, candles made from paraffin wax became the cheapest on the market.
Soy Wax
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In the 1990s, agricultural chemists developed soy wax from soybeans. Soybean wax is softer than paraffin and it burns more slowly. Soy candles are cheaper than beeswax and are a better option than paraffin for those who are interested in natural products. Soy candles can also last up to 50 percent longer than paraffin candles and, because soy is natural, it is easier to clean up wax drippings from furniture and clothing.
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Gels
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Gel candles are made from gelled mineral oils or hydrocarbons. They are very soft at room temperature and are therefore always poured into a glass container. Often, wax shapes are suspended in the gel to add decoration. These candles are typically scented.
Palm Wax
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In the 1990s, agricultural developers created palm wax to use for candles. Palm wax is rendered from the coconut. Palm wax burns with relatively little soot. It is also an environmentally friendly wax because it can be created without harming the palm tree. Palm wax candles can also resist melting in hot weather and when under the sun.
Tallow
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Tallow wax is made from rendering the fat of an animal. This was a common type of candle for the lower classes before candle makers developed other procedures in the 19th century. Prior to the 19th century, however, tallow was popular because it was significantly cheaper than the only other alternative: beeswax candles. Indeed, one cow could produce 100 lbs. of fat, which could in turn be made into candles. In northern territories, candle makers used whale fat to make candles. This type of wax is not commonly used today.
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References
- Photo Credit candle image by Henryk Olszewski from Fotolia.com
