Osteoarthritis in a Dog

Both young and older dogs can suffer from osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis is a common canine disease characterized by the deterioration of cartilage in the joints. As the cartilage disappears, normal joint movement is affected, and chronic inflammation of the tissues surrounding the joint can result. It is a progressive disease that causes stiffness, limited range of motion and intermittent or chronic pain. Osteoarthritis can affect both young and older dogs.

Causes of Osteoarthritis

Many different conditions can cause arthritis. Previous injury to ligaments, tendons or muscles surrounding the joint; bone fractures; genetic conditions such as hip dysplasia; hormonal conditions; inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis; disc disease and cancer can all cause progressive, degenerative osteoarthritis.

Symptoms of Osteoarthritis

The symptoms of osteoarthritis in dogs can vary according to age and general health. The disease can start with a simple reduction in activity level, or can exhibit as stiffness on rising or changing position. There can be lameness, yelps or groans of pain with activity. Your dog may avoid using one leg or show general signs of lethargy and depression.

Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis

The veterinarian will take a complete medical history and perform a physical examination. X-rays can tell the vet much about the condition of the dog's spine and joints. Blood tests may be done to rule out other illnesses and make sure your dog is able to take certain arthritis medications which can be damaging to the liver and kidneys.

Treatments for Canine Osteoarthritis

One of the first recommendations the veterinarian will offer is to help your dog lose weight. Carrying excess weight puts more pressure on joints, and reducing weight will also help reduce symptoms. Gentle exercise can also help symptoms of osteoarthritis. Veterinarians generally prescribe anti-inflammatory medications to reduce inflammation and reduce pain associated with osteoarthritis. NSAIDs medications such as aspirin can be safely given to dogs to relieve pain. Glucosamine and chondroitin supplements are also recommended to reduce symptoms. These substances help to rebuild cartilage in your dog's joints. Keeping your dog warm and dry is also helpful. Massage or physical therapy may also be necessary to manage pain and retain mobility.

Prevention of Osteoarthritis

Good nutrition during puppyhood and throughout adult life is one of the best ways to help prevent osteoarthritis. Puppies should not be overexercised, which can hurt their growing joints. Avoiding joint injury throughout life is an important way to avoid canine osteoarthritis, and if injuries occur, they should be treated promptly.

References

• PedEducation: causes & management of osteoarthritis in dogs
• VetInfo: canine osteoarthritis explained
• ArthritisMD: canine osteoarthritis