Kidney Faliure in Dogs

Older dogs often experience kidney failure.

Kidney failure, also known as chronic renal failure (CRF), is a frequent health problem among dogs. Although it can affect dogs of any age, it generally affects older dogs. The average age of dogs affected is 7 years old. There are two types of kidney failure: acute and chronic. If kidney failure is left untreated, end-stage kidney failure will occur, which can result in death.

Acute Kidney Failure

Acute kidney failure is sudden and occurs over a period of days. According to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, "Dogs can develop acute kidney problems as a result of ingesting toxins, including antifreeze, certain medications and tainted foods. Other reasons for this type of kidney failure include decreased blood flow or oxygen delivery to the kidneys, infections and urinary obstruction."

Chronic Kidney Failure

It's harder to determine the cause of chronic kidney failure, since it progresses over time. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals notes, "A main cause of chronic kidney failure in dogs is dental disease. Bacteria associated with advanced dental disease enter the blood stream and invade multiple organs, causing irreversible damage to the heart, liver and kidneys."

Susceptible Breeds

Some dog breeds are more prone than others to kidney failure. These breeds include Cocker Spaniels, Shih Tzus, Doberman Pinschers, Golden Retrievers, Bull Terriers, Cairn Terriers, Soft-coated Wheaten Terriers, German Shepherds, Lhasa Apso and the Norwegian Elkhound.

Signs of Kidney Failure

Dogs going into kidney failure may experience increased thirst and excessive drinking, increased urination, vomiting, lethargy, change in appetite, weight loss, bad breath, mouth ulcers, pale gums, lack of coordination, weakness, depression or listlessness. Contact your veterinarian immediately if your dog shows any of these signs.

Treatment

There is no cure for kidney failure; however, if it's detected early, treatment by your veterinarian may slow the progression of the disease. Treatment can be done after tests are completed to properly diagnose kidney failure. A complete medical history and physical examination may be done. In addition, your veterinarian may need to perform diagnostic testing such as biochemistry tests, complete blood count (CBC), a urinalysis, kidney ultrasonography, a kidney biopsy, a fine-needle aspirate or a blood gas analysis. Treatment may include management of high blood pressure, fluid therapy for dehydrated pets, regular access to water, a change of diet, or medicine to control vomiting.

References

• The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals: Kidney Problems
• PetPlace.com: Chronic Renal (Kidney) Failure in Dogs