What Is the Hurdy Gurdy?
The hurdy gurdy is a stringed instrument whose origins are thought to date to medieval times. It is essentially a mechanical fiddle powered by the player, and it has remained popular in many European countries, particularly in France, Spain and Italy, where it is usually used to play folk songs.
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History
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It is believed that the precursors to the modern-day hurdy gurdy were constructed in 12-century Spain, although they were large, two-player versions. The more recognizable, smaller, one-player version came into being a century later, spreading across the European continent but finding particular favor in France and Italy. It has been in and out of fashion ever since, almost disappearing during the Renaissance, but now enjoys a revival, particularly in France.
Name Origin
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In France, the instrument is known as "la vielle a roue," translated as "wheel fiddle," while in Italy it is usually called a "ghironda." The English name for the instrument, "hurdy gurdy" originates from the 18 century and was deemed rather derogatory, perhaps because of the droning sound the instrument makes. Some confusion arose over the name because it was later given to barrel organs and street pianos.
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How it Works
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The hurdy gurdy works by the player rotating a handle that turns a wooden wheel fitted to a shaft. The wheel rubs against the strings (usually one or two), which creates the sound. The pitch of the sound can be changed by the player using a simple key mechanism to depress the strings at certain points on the shaft. The principles are much like those of a violin, with the key mechanism taking the place of the violinist's fingers and the wheel replacing the bow. The hurdy gurdy is played sitting down, with the instrument resting on the lap.
Sound
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The hurdy gurdy, because of its design, is intended to make continuous sound. This means that it emits a drone, the pitch of which can be changed by pressing the key mechanism. In this respect, it is comparable to a set of bagpipes or a bourdon.
Where to Hear it
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The best place to hear hurdy gurdy music is at one of the festivals devoted to it. The primary ones are the St. Chartier festival in France, The Over-the-Water festival in Washington, United States, and the Hurdy Gurdy Festival in Derbyshire, United Kingdom.
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References
- Photo Credit statuette music note image by Leonid Nyshko from Fotolia.com
