Sand Flea Prevention for Humans
The creatures commonly referred to as sand fleas are not fleas at all but crustaceans of the family Talitridae, according to the Encyclopædia Britannica. Other names for the sand flea include "beach flea", "punky" and "no-see-um." They are most often encountered at the beach but can also inhabit swamps, creeks and wetlands. They do not infest or live on humans like fleas or lice but may give a bite that can be painful and prone to infection.
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Avoid their Habitat
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Sand fleas feed on decaying plants and you can often find them around damp seaweed, according to Flea Infestation. They are also more likely to be at the damp tide line than further up the beach on dry sand.
Listen for a Buzz
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A group of sand fleas will often produce a high-pitched whining noise, according to Flea Infestation. If you hear such a noise, especially in an area with seaweed, it may be advisable to move away.
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Use a Towel and Cover Feet
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Lying on a towel instead of directly on sand may help keep sand fleas out of contact with the skin. Wearing enclosed beach shoes (not sandals) may also help. Sand fleas are known to jump to a height of 40cm, according to Healthy Skincare, but they do not always jump that high and most bites on humans occur around the ankles.
Insect Repellent
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Many insect repellents also work on sand fleas. If you go into the water, you may need to reapply any insect repellent.
Treatment
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Bites can be painful and itchy and raised welts are common; but you should avoid scratching affected areas as this may lead to infection. Sand flea bites can also carry diseases such as Carrions disease, the Pappataci fever virus and Leishmaniasis, according to Healthy Skincare. Antihistamines can help lessen itching. Hydrocortisone cream and aloe vera cream can also help. You should seek medical treatment if symptoms persist or signs of a more serious infection arise.
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References
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