Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases in Dogs

Autoimmune diseases are common in greyhounds.

Autoimmune diseases can strike dogs of any breed, however, they are common in the greyhound. They can make dogs ill and require long-term care. Some dogs can even die from such a disease. Since these conditions are thought to be inherited, it is not recommended to breed a dog that has been diagnosed with an autoimmune disease.

Identification

An autoimmune disease is a type of failure of the immune system. When a dog develops an autoimmune disease, it means that his body is rejecting its own tissues. The dog's body recognizes these tissues as foreign, which may cause illness such as systemic lupus to occur.

Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia

When a dog develops immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, it means that the clotting cells in his body are being destroyed. Symptoms associated with this condition include blood in urine, bruising, blood in stool and excessive bleeding. Treatments include high doses of corticosteroid medications and blood transfusions. Dogs may also benefit from removal of their spleen, though dogs with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia are at an increased risk of bleeding during surgery.

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia commonly affects dogs. Anemia is not a true disease, but more of a clinical symptom that may occur if the dog's production of red blood cells decreases significantly. Symptoms may include lethargy, weakness, anorexia, increased heart rate and pale mucous membranes. A symptom of advanced anemia may be a yellowing of the white's of the eyes, also known as jaundice. Treatments include high doses of corticosteroid medications, which must be given for the rest of the dog's life in order to avoid a relapse. Other treatments may include immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclophosphamide, as well as removal of the spleen.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus is a condition caused by autoimmune disease, and its symptoms can come on suddenly or be chronic. Those symptoms most often associated with lupus in dogs are anemia, low white blood cell count, symmetrical dermatitis, a stiff gait and lameness. Treatments include anti-inflammatory medications and immunosuppressive medicines such as corticosteroids. Dogs who develop frequent infections as a result of lupus may need antibiotics to fight infection. Common infections include those of the kidney, joint or bloodstream.

Considerations

Autoimmune diseases may occur in dogs suddenly or develop over time. Either way, once your dog exhibits symptoms of an autoimmune disease, consult your veterinarian. This will ensure a proper diagnosis and treatment plan for your dog.

References

• Canis Major: Dog Owner's Guide---Autoimmune Diseases