Primary Function of the Larynx

The larynx is also known as the voice box because of its central function in humans of producing language from sound. Its other roles, however, are just as critical for the proper functioning of a human body.

Structure

The larynx is located in the neck. It is composed of a mucosal lining and cartilage such as the thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid. Extrinsic muscles connect these cartilages to the other structures of the head and neck. Intrinsic muscles alter the position, shape, and tension of the vocal cords.

Airflow

A critical function of the larynx is in phonation, or sound production. The first important component in phonation is the production of airflow. The lungs supply an adequate flow of air in order to overcome the resistance of the adducted vocal cords, meaning the tendency of sound to be drawn inward. The vocal cords are neuromuscular units that adjust pitch and tone by altering position and tension.

Sound Production

Sound is produced through the vibration of the mucosal folds at the inner edge of the vocal cords. There are two kinds of mucosal folds. These folds consist of the false vocal cords, which are responsible for resonance, and true vocal folds, which are responsible for sound production.

Articulation

Sound is modified as it moves through the vocal tract, depending on the position of the mouth, lips, nose, tongue, and pharynx. This articulation creates different consonants and vowels from the source sound. It also creates such properties as tone and stress by altering the sound.

Other Functions

The larynx also has a number of other important functions. It is pivotal in providing support and protection for the trachea, and it plays a part in swallowing (also known as deglutition) and respiration. The role of the larynx in swallowing is more about the effect of negation. The backward motion of the tongue forces the epiglottis over the opening to the larynx in order to prevent material from entering and reaching the lungs.

References

• University of Pittsburgh Medical Center: Anatomy of the Larynx
• Inner Body: Epiglottis