Definition of a Tatami Mat
A long-established type of Japanese floor covering, the tatami mat is primarily composed of rice straw. They resemble thick, cloth tiles that can be picked up and piled in stacks. "Tatami" is a word derived from the verb "tatamu" or to fold. In modern Japanese homes, a private room--"washitsu"--reserved for ceremonies and entertaining is usually the only space covered with tatami. To this day, it is forbidden to wear shoes while stepping on tatami.
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Origin
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An expensive status symbol during the Heian period (794 to 1192), tatami was used by aristocrats to cover the wooden floors of palaces. At the time, the mats lined only the edges of rooms. Their borders were made of delicate cloth that would reflect a nobleman's rank. During the Kamakura period (1186 to 1333), the samurai class climbed to power and a different style of architecture evolved. Tatami grew more popular; entire rooms or "zashiki" were covered with mats. By the 17th century, commoners were using tatami to cover their floors.
Size
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The size of the tatami differs according to region. In Nagoya, the mat measures six feet by three feet. Tokyo-style mats are slightly smaller, while in Kyoto the mat size runs larger. Variants include the half-size mat ("hanjo") and the 3/4 size mat ("daimedatami"), designed for tea ceremonies.
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Composition
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The tatami is composed of triad of parts. The top, outer layer or "tatami omote" is a weave of supple rushes (also known as "igusa"). Often dyed with clay to boost color tone, this layer turns gold as it ages. Next, the core or "tatami goto" is made of straw pressed to five centimeters and tied together with hemp. Finally, a narrow strip of decorative cloth or "tatami beri" is stitched to the edges of the mat. In modern days, the straw base has been replaced by other robust materials such as poly styrene, wood pulp or particle board.
Layout
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Certain rules govern the layout of tatami mats. The arrangement of mats into a grid pattern can bring bad luck but a T-square arrangement can lead to good fortune. However, a grid may be used during a period of mourning. At no point should the corners of three or more mats come together.
Benefits
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The tatami's straw base regulates the humidity in a room. Because the pressed core is filled with air, it can absorb water and heat. In dry conditions, the water in the core will evaporate. As well, the gentle aroma of rice straw calms the senses.
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References
Resources
- Photo Credit 3 tatami mats (detail) image by koi88 from Fotolia.com
