How Does the Immigration Test Work?

The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services test examines the English language and American civics.

In the United States, the immigration test refers to the naturalization test (also known as the citizenship exam). The test examines an applicant's ability to read, write and understand the English language. Additionally, the applicant must answer civics questions to show comprehension of the U.S. government and history.

Eligibility

Prior to taking the immigration test, foreign nationals must complete a lengthy immigration process. The immigration steps often begin with a temporary work visa followed by a green card application. Once eligible to apply for naturalization, an applicant must file an N-400 Naturalization Application. The final step in the process is the immigration test, before being sworn in as a U.S. citizen. Overall, the entire process may take several years to complete, depending on nationality and professional status.

English Test

The English portion of the immigration test includes three elements: reading, writing and speaking. First, the applicant must read one of three presented sentences to a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services officer. The applicant then must write one of three presented sentences. The USCIS officer will then ask the applicant a series of biographic questions in accordance with the answers given on the N-400 Naturalization Application. During this question-and-answer session, the officer evaluates the applicant's ability to communicate and understand the English language.

Civics Test

A comprehensive understanding of American history and government is a necessary background for all U.S. citizen applicants. To test an applicant's knowledge, the USCIS officer asks a series of 10 civics questions to the applicant. The questions are given orally, and the applicant must reply verbally. To pass the civics portion of the test, the USCIS must deem at least six answers acceptable.

Exceptions and Accommodations

Certain citizenship applicants may receive waivers or special considerations for portions of the test. Some long-term permanent residents may receive an English language waiver, while applicants with a mental impairment or disability might receive a waiver for both the language and civics portions of the test.

Failing the Test

If an applicant fails either or both portions of the immigration test, he must schedule an appointment to retake the failed portions at a later date. Typically, test retakes are scheduled within 60 to 90 days of the original test. If the applicant subsequently fails the immigration test a second time, his naturalization application is then denied.

References

• USCIS: About the Naturalization Test
• USCIS: Exceptions and Accommodations
• FindLaw: What to Expect on the Naturalization Test