What Is Topsoil Composed Of?

Examine your topsoil.

Good topsoil is as important to the gardener as a good foundation is important to the builder. Topsoil is the upper layer of soil, usually the top 2 inches to 8 inches; it contains the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms. There are many elements needed in topsoil to create a good environment for plants to grow.

Topsoil Elements

Topsoil is basically composed of four elements: sand, silt, clay and organic matter (humus). The best way to determine your type of soil is to squeeze a handful of soil in your hand. If you can squeeze it into a tight, sticky clump, your soil is high in clay. If the soil will not hold a shape and is loose and crumbly, your soil is sandy. Soil that is of a desirable consistency will mold into your hand, yet still crumble apart when squeezed.

Soil Testing

Test your soil's pH level.

The most accurate way to determine your type of soil, as well as nutrient and pH levels, is by soil testing. You can purchase a soil testing kit at a lawn and garden center or opt for a more detailed report. After collecting samples of your topsoil, you can submit these to various places for testing, including a local county extension office, university, or through a soil testing company found online.

Many of these soil test results will also come with recommendations to improve the condition of your topsoil. This will enable you to create just the perfect balance of sand, silt, clay and organic matter necessary to grow whatever plants or landscape you desire.

Soil Amendments

If soil testing results recommend improving the physical structure of your soil, you can accomplish this in many ways. If you have heavy clay soil, adding sand will improve drainage and workability. If your soil is sandy, adding clay could improve the texture. Adding organic matter such as compost or peat is always a great way to improve the texture of any soil. Humus, commonly known as gardener's gold, can be a cure-all for any soil type. These organic elements could be manure, compost, peat moss, sawdust, straw or many other garden wastes that have been recycled.

Purchasing Soil Amendments

Purchasing the necessary nutrients or components for a well-balanced topsoil could be as easy as a few bags of these soil amendments purchased at your local lawn and garden center or construction yard. Of course, for a much larger garden project it could require a pickup truck or a delivery from your local landscaping supply store.

Conclusion

Enjoy your new garden.

Improving the quality of topsoil can create a great foundation for plants, gardens and lawns to thrive and can grow into a landscape that is a pleasure to behold!

References

• topsoil elements
• topsoil amendments