A Pet Rat That Has Gangrene

Elderly rats are more likely to suffer from gangrene.

Gangrene occurs when blood flow to an area of the body has been cut off. The tissue dies and then decays, requiring surgical removal. Gangrene is uncommon in rats, but may occur when the circulation to part of the body is cut off. Abscesses, a much more common rat problem, may be mistaken for gangrene due to a similar appearance and odor.

Symptoms

Gangrenous tissue may appear discolored and can leak an unpleasant-smelling discharge. A rat may have a strong reaction when the area is touched, since gangrene causes severe pain. Gangrene of the tissues below the skin's surface may cause fever and lethargy. The flesh above the area might look swollen. If gangrene goes untreated, bacteria from the wound can spread through the body, causing septic shock. This condition can be fatal.

Warning

Gangrene is a serious condition that won't clear up on its own. A rat exhibiting any gangrene symptoms must be immediately taken to a veterinarian. Don't wait for the injured limb to heal on its own or to "drop off." Surgery is usually required. A rat may need to have its foot, leg or the end of its tail amputated. Abscesses and similar conditions are easier to treat but still require antibiotic medication.

Causes

One of the most common causes of gangrene in rats is a degloving injury. Holding rats by their tails can lead to degloving, which is a loss of the skin on the tail. This injury is often difficult to heal. When the tail loses large patches of skin, bacterial infection and loss of circulation can occur. A veterinarian may have to amputate the end of a degloved tail. Rats may also develop gangrene from circulation problems, tumor growth or serious injuries.

Misconceptions

Abscess, a common rat problem, is often mistaken for gangrene. An abscess usually presents similar signs, including discoloration, swelling and a foul-smelling discharge. It is not caused by disrupted circulation, though. Abscesses usually occur when an injury becomes infected. Bites or scratches from another rat, "bumblefoot" from walking on wire cage floors, and cuts are all possible avenues of infection. Abscesses are also dangerous, but can be treated with lancing and antibiotics.

Considerations

Gangrene occurs more often in older animals. Rats with diabetes, heart disease or a poor immune system are more likely to develop the problem, as well. Pet rats that have recently undergone surgery or had a serious injury should be watched, since they are also at risk. Fast treatment increases the chance of recovery without serious problems.

References

• Mayo Clinic: Gangrene
• Rat Health Guide: Abscess
• Rat Health Guide: Degloving Injury