Medications for Anxiety Attack
An anxiety attack occurs when an individual suddenly becomes fearful about an imaginary danger. Symptoms of an anxiety attack include rapid heartbeat, sweating, difficulty breathing, weakness, fatigue and sweating. Individuals having an anxiety attack often feel helpless, tense and they feel as though something bad is about to happen. A variety of medications is available to help alleviate and prevent anxiety attacks.
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Benzodiazepines
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Benzodiazepines are a type of sedative that reduces nervous tension by slowing brain chemical movement. Medications in this class include Xanax, Librium, Klonopin, Valium and Ativan. These medications are generally taken as needed when an anxiety attack occurs. The medications relieve anxiety symptoms about an hour after the medication is taken. Side effects of Benzodiazepines include drowsiness, dizziness, balance problems and muscle coordination problems. These medications are usually prescribed temporarily because long-term use is associated with dependence.
Buspar (buspirone)
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Buspar may be prescribed as an alternative to benzodiazepines. It is also used temporarily, but its advantage is that it is not habit-forming. Side effects of Buspar include light-headedness soon after taking the medication, headache, nervousness, insomnia and nausea.
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SSRIs
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may help to alleviate anxiety by increasing the amount of serotonin active in the brain. These medications are taken daily for an extended period to control anxiety symptoms. SSRIs include Celexa, Lexapro, Prozac, Paxil and Zoloft. Side effects of SSRIs include sexual dysfunction, nervousness, nausea, dry mouth, headache, diarrhea, agitation, weight gain, restlessness, rash, insomnia and drowsiness.
SNRIs
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Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors help alleviate anxiety by increasing the activity of both serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. These medications are used for an indefinite amount of time to manage anxiety symptoms. SNRIs include Effexor and Cymbalta. Side effects of SNRIs include sleepiness, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, insomnia, strange dreams, constipation, tremor, gas, dry mouth, blurry vision, sexual dysfunction and headache.
Other Treatments
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Psychotherapy in the form of counseling or cognitive behavior is often used either alone or in conjunction with medications to treat anxiety and anxiety attacks. Cognitive behavior therapy is particularly helpful because it teaches patients to gain control over their own feelings and thoughts. Anxiety is different among individuals--thus, treatments must be individualized to meet the needs of each patient. Individuals who are suffering from anxiety attacks should consult a doctor about medications and other treatments that may help them feel better.
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