Job Description for a Farmer & Rancher
Farmers and ranchers operate farms. Although they are typically family-owned businesses, there are some farmers and ranchers who lease land to farm. They farm crops--such as cotton, corn or wheat--or maintain livestock--such as cows and pigs. Both types of farming are physically demanding and require farmers or ranchers to be fully committed to the many processes involved in having a successful operation.
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Function
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Farmers and ranchers have a wide range of responsibilities, especially if they manage a small, family-owned operation. On a crop farm, farmers prepare, till, plant, fertilize, cultivate, spray and harvest the land. After the harvest, they ensure crops are packaged, stored and marketed. On a livestock, dairy or poultry farm, farmers and ranchers care for and feed all animals. They also oversee the breeding process and marketing. Both types of farmers maintain work equipment, buildings and tools. They also review technological developments with breeding or seeds and select products accordingly. On smaller farms, farmers and ranchers are responsible for administrative duties.
Work Environment
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Farmers and ranchers often work long hours and during inclement weather. Crop farmers usually work from sun up to sun down during the planting and harvesting seasons. Livestock farmers constantly feed and care for animals and work long hours during the birthing season. The work can sometimes be dangerous, as it requires operation and maintenance of heavy machinery and some work with chemicals.
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Training
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Farmers and ranchers have historically learned the trade from growing up on a farm. As processes and techniques become more complex, however, more farmers are earning their associate's or bachelor's degree in agricultural science. A college degree gives farmers more scientific knowledge of growing conditions, weather, plant diseases, plant biology, veterinary science and hydrology. This knowledge prepares them for making advancements to the farm through different seeds, fertilizer, animal feed or breeding methods.
Other Qualifications
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Farmers and ranchers must have managerial, mechanical, accounting and bookkeeping skills. Knowledge of safety and government regulations has become increasingly important to modern farmers. The trade also can be physically demanding, so keeping in good shape is important.
Considerations
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Of the 1.2 million farmers, ranchers and agricultural managers in 2008, 80 percent were self-employed. Employment in these areas is expected to decline through 2018, according the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Farms will continue to consolidate to increase productivity and save costs. Some farmers have developed niche markets that protect their small farms through horticulture and the organic food industry.
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References
- Photo Credit The Farm image by bonjo from Fotolia.com
