Job Description of an Astronomer

Moon against a black background

Becoming an astronomer can be a rewarding career for those interested in exploring and explaining the mysteries of the universe. However, most positions require years of schooling and are very competitive. Astronomers apply their knowledge of math and physics to solve problems in areas such as navigation, space flight and satellite communications, as well as the development of equipment and techniques for recording astronomical data.

Responsibilities

Most astronomers hold some type of research position. They conduct research on components of the universe such as the sun, moon and planets, as well as stars and galaxies. This research can be solely for the purpose of expanding knowledge in the field, or it can be used for more practical applications such as improving existing devices or solving specific problems. Astronomers can be involved in improving and developing weather forecasting, sea navigation, and air navigation instruments. Other astronomers are involved in processing and analyzing large amounts of astronomical data, and writing scientific reports. While most astronomers are employed in research positions, some may work in museums or other organizations that house planetariums. In these positions, they may be responsible for organizing and presenting public programs, and managing the planetarium's activities.

Qualifications

Most positions in research or as teaching faculty require a doctoral degree in physics or other related field. For astronomers who wish to eventually work in a university or government facility, a postdoctoral research position is recommended after completing a graduate degree. A master's degree will not qualify applicants for most basic research positions, but may allow individuals to work in private-industry jobs that involve applied research or product development. There are approximately 40 doctoral programs in astronomy in the United States, so applicants will face competition for admission to these programs. Other than educational requirements, astronomers should have good math, problem-solving, and analytical skills, as well as a strong imagination and desire to explore. Written and oral communication skills are also important, as most research positions involve writing reports and working on a team with other scientists.

Salary

The average annual salary for astronomers was $101,300 in May of 2008. The bottom 10 percent earned under $45,330 per year, while the top ten percent earned more than $156,720 per year. For those astronomers employed by the federal government, the annual salary was $130,833 as of March 2009.

Employment Outlook

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Outlook Handbook, astronomers held approximately 1,500 jobs in the United States as of 2008. Thirty-nine percent of physicists and astronomers worked in research and development industries, and 22 percent were employed by the federal government. The employment outlook for astronomers is good, but applicants will still face strong competition for research positions due to the limited amount of funding. Applicants who are unable to find a position in these fields may be strong candidates in related fields such as engineering and mathematics due to their background in physics.

Work Environment

Because some astronomers require special observatories and equipment to complete their work, they may be required to travel frequently. They also may be required to work varied hours of the day, month or year, including at night, to observe certain phenomena. Astronomers who are funded by grants may be under pressure to complete reports within deadlines to keep their funding. Otherwise, astronomers generally work business hours in a laboratory or office space.

References

• Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook: Physicists & Astronomers