Math Formulas Used by Graphic Designers
Graphic design math applies to dimensions, spaces, shapes, forms, and layouts. M.C. Escher, arguably history's most prominent graphic artist, is noted for the complex mathematical aspects of his work. At a minimum, today's practitioners should be conversant in basic arithmetic, geometry, and layout principles. Advanced math applications relate to geometry and Fractals; familiarity with computer-design software packages is also essential.
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Job Description
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The graphic design job description is wide-ranging. A Bureau of Labor Statistics report defines it as those who "...plan, analyze, and create visual solutions to communications problems." The same report goes on to state that "Graphic designers prepare sketches or layouts---by hand or with the aid of a computer---to illustrate their vision for the design." Educational requirements vary from the entry-level associate's degree to the more advanced bachelor's designations.
Applications
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Graphic artists are frequently required to put forth their design solutions on paper. For that reason, most practitioners assemble portfolios of their work for review by clients. Professional assignments include new designs for wallpaper, websites, logos, corporate reports. Advanced designs have begun to appear in the realm of environmentally efficient, natural design. For example, Pax Enterprises founder Jay Harman has used the Fibonacci math principle to develop a quieter and more energy efficient exhaust fan.
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Examples
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A publishing project will require a calculation of the book's spine width. The formula reads thusly: "Total page count divided by paper thickness." A more precise mathematical spine width formula is: "page count/2 x paper gram weight x paper volume /1000 - rounded up to nearest whole number." So a 100-page book using paper which is 80 gsm with a volume of 1.8 would require a spine width of 8 mm.(Reference 3,formats and presentation,magazine). If metric standards are unfamiliar to the client, then a calculation into inches (where 1 millimeter = 0.0393700787 inch) is also required. In this case, the conversion amounts to 0.315 inches.
An image layout project requires an understanding of resolution calculations. Pixels per inch(ppi) applies to the quality of digital images; higher numbers correspond to higher-quality images. A computer monitor containing 1024 pixels going from left to right and 12 inches of actual screen space contains 85 ppi or 1024 pixels divided by 12 inches. A monitor with twice the resolution (170 ppi) or image quality occupying the same 12 inches of screen space would be inferred as 2048 pixels (170 ppi times 12 inches).
Trends
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Fierce competition and outsourcing cloud the future prospects of graphic designers. Knowledge of computer design software enhances employment prospects, and a bachelor's degree is slowly becoming the minimum standard of acceptance. Applicants in possession of a bachelor's degree, business management and marketing skills are favorably positioned to carve out careers in the communications strategies field.
Considerations
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Graphic arts is a competitive industry in which advancement depends upon higher levels of education and experience. Despite the prevalence of computers and design software, designers are still expected to grasp fundamental math principles and concepts and their proper application to the solution of design problems.
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References
Resources
- Photo Credit Image by Flickr.com, courtesy of Brent Nelson
