Retinoid Side Effects
Retinoids, which include retinol, retinal and tretinoin (Retin-A), are medications that are chemically similar to vitamin A. Although they are important for bodily functions such as the growth of bone tissue, they are best known for their uses in dermatology. Retinoids are commonly used to treat acne, psoriasis, and photoaging (sunspots or other effects of UVA/UVB rays). Retinoids can be taken orally or applied topically.
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Skin Irritation
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Although retinoids are prescribed to treat skin conditions, one of the most common side effects of using retinoids is irritated skin. It is not unusual to experience redness, itching, dry skin, or feeling a burning sensation after applying the retinoid. Skin peeling occurs in some people as well. These problems usually only lasts for a few weeks, though there are cases where the doctor has to adjust the dosage to give the patient some relief.
Eyes, Nose, Mouth
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For some people, the dryness and irritation also extend to the facial area. Dry mouth, chapped lips, nosebleeds and runny noses are some of the side effects. Others experience problems with their vision. Dry eyes, crusty eyelids and inflammation are minor problems, though more serious problems, such as cataracts, decreased night vision, blurred vision and a yellowing of the eyes can occur.
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Birth Defects
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There have been cases of holoprosencephaly, which is a birth defect associated with incomplete midline development of the forebrain, reported by users of the retinoid tretinoin, or Retin-A. Cardiovascular problems, miscarriage and premature delivery are other risks. Women who are breastfeeding, pregnant or may become pregnant should not use retinoids.
Emotional Problems
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According to a January 2009 article published in the Annals of General Psychiatry, studies have found a link between the retinoid isotretinoin and psychological problems. Retinoids can affect the central nervous system, specifically the neurotransmitters known to be involved in the development of psychiatric problems. Depression, hallucinations, delusions, violent behavior, and suicidal thoughts and actions are some of the side effects with the greatest cause for concern. Feeling excessively sad or angry, losing interest in normal activities, changes in eating or sleeping habits and withdrawing from family or friends could be symptomatic of a larger problem. Contact a doctor immediately if you experience any of these side effects.
Overdose
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Retinoids are derived from vitamin A, meaning they can have the same toxic effects as vitamin A if too much is taken. When the threshold for the amount of vitamin A the liver can store is crossed, the excess vitamin A goes into the bloodstream and causes cells to rupture, which can be fatal. Some of the symptoms of an overdose are the same as the side effects, though they are more severe. These include nausea, vomiting, irritability, vertigo, headaches, skin peeling, drowsiness and itching. Contact a doctor immediately if any of these symptoms exist.
Other Side Effects
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Other side effects do not fit into a specific category. Some people become more sensitive to sunlight, while others gain weight. Swelling of the arms, legs, hands and feet, tightness in the muscles, joint pain, blisters and sores are other less common side effects.
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