Sac Carcinoma Tumors
Sac carcinoma tumors are solid or solid cystic-type tumors. Sac carcinoma tumors affect both humans and animals and are usually malignant. This type of tumor commonly appears in the genitourinal area. Sac carcinoma tumors are an aggressive type of germ cell cancer.
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Ovarian Yolk Sac Tumors
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Yolk sac tumors are the second most common form of ovarian tumors. The tumors occur in adolescents, children, and young adults, with most tumors forming in individuals less than 30 years of age. Ovarian yolk sac tumors usually form unilaterally and are either pure germ cell or mixed germ cell tumors. Yolk sac tumors are highly metastatic tumors that do not respond well to radiologic therapy, but do respond well to aggressive chemotherapy. The tumors are commonly found in the ovaries, and derive their name from the fact that they resemble a human embryonic egg sac.
Testicular Yolk Sac Tumors
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Testicular yolk sac tumors are the most common form of testicular cancer in male children. The tumors also affect adult males, often requiring aggressive treatment, as they have a tendency to metastasize quickly. In both children and adults, testicular yolk sac tumors respond well to chemotherapy. Testicular yolk sac tumors also do not respond to radiologic therapy. Prognosis is usually good unless the patient refuses treatment for a prolonged period during which time the cancer can metastasize.
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Endolymphatic Sac Tumors
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Endolymphatic sac tumors are extremely aggressive adenocarcinomas that form on the temporal bone. Endolymphatic sac tumors are very slow growing, and for the most part are benign, but they act in an aggressive manner. The tumors significantly destruct the temporal bone, and often are not found until in later stages of development. The patient with endolymphatic sac tumors often present with hearing loss, facial weakness, decreased sensation in the temporal or upper jaw area, dizziness or ringing in the ears. Normal treatment is surgical removal with subsequent radiation treatment.
Endodermal Sinus Tumor
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Endodermal sinus tumor is the most common form of testicular cancer in children under the age of three. Endodermal sinus tumors are always malignant. Prognosis for patients with endodermal sinus tumor is relatively good, as it responds well to chemotherapy. Death from endodermal sinus tumor in children is extremely rare, and is also uncommon in adults.
Anal Sac Carcinoma Tumors
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Anal sac carcinoma tumors are squamous cell carcinomas that often occur in the anal sacs of cats and dogs. The tumors also appear in the anal sacs of other carnivores and some rodents. Diagnosed by biopsy of the enlarged mass of the anal glands, anal sac carcinoma tumors present as long intertwined strands of epithelial cells. Treatment is surgical removal of the cancerous mass and surrounding tissues. Anal sac carcinomas often reappear in the same general area in which they originated. Anal sac carcinomas are highly aggressive and respond poorly to treatment. Prognosis is poor.
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