Ischemic Heart Disease Guidelines
Ischaemic heart disease is the medical term doctors use when referring to coronary artery disease also known as coronary heart disease. The condition is a narrowing of the arteries in the heart. Blood flow is restricted resulting in inadequate oxygen to the heart. The heart muscle becomes damaged and may lead to a heart attack.
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Causes and Risks
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Ischemic heart disease occurs when a buildup of fatty deposits called plaque collect along artery walls of the heart. The process of plaque buildup is called atherosclerosis. Certain health conditions can put people at a higher risk for ischemic heart disease and include diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity and smoking.
Symptoms
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Early stages of ischemic heart disease may experience no symptoms. Later stages of the disease may have symptoms of chest pain that feels like squeezing, pressure or tightness. Other symptoms include indigestion, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, cold sweats, difficulty breathing and fatigue. Heart failure may include sudden symptoms of shortness of breath, feeling faint, appetite loss and a swelling of the stomach, feet and ankles.
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Diagnosis
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Your doctor will perform a physical exam to listen for any abnormal heart rhythms. An electrocardiogram will measure electrical activity of the heart and an MRI may show if the heart is enlarged and if heart valves are working properly. Blood tests may be performed to rule out other medical conditions.
Medications
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Several medications may be used in combination to treat ischemic heart disease. Beta blockers such as carvedilol are used to slow heart rate so the heart muscle does not work as hard. ACE inhibitors such as lisinopril also slow heart rate and prevent constriction of blood vessels. Nitroglycerin causes blood vessels to dilate reducing chest pain.
Lifestyle Changes
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Changes in diet and stopping smoking may lower your risk of ischemic heart disease. Reduce sodium in your diet by using a salt substitute and purchase canned foods that are low sodium. Limit your fat intake and eat more foods rich in omega 3 fatty acids such as salmon, tuna and nuts. Lose weight if you are obese and aim for a slow weight loss of one to two pounds a week. Discuss with your doctor a diet and activity routine that is best for you.
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