Hydraulic Systems Basics
Hydraulic systems are widely used in industry and manufacturing, from small assembly processors to more complex operations such as steel and paper mills. Hydraulic systems help in performing heavy-duty work, such as lifting heavy objects, as well as in smaller applications, such as vehicle brake systems.
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Description
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The most common type of hydraulic system uses a piston to apply pressure to a reservoir of hydraulic fluid, forcing it through a small opening. This builds up fluid pressure, and this hydraulic energy is converted to mechanical energy. The mechanical energy can be used to move an object.
Brake Systems
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A vehicle's brake system is a common example of how hydraulics are used. The brake system has a hydraulic pump, fluid, hoses that carry the fluid, control valves that regulate the hydraulic pressure and an output device. On a vehicle, the pump is called a master cylinder. With conventional drum brakes, when the driver presses the brake pedal, the master cylinder creates pressure, which travels through the hoses, or brake lines, to pistons inside the vehicle's wheels. The pistons, or wheel cylinders, push the brake shoes against the brake drums, slowing the wheels.
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Other Uses
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Hydraulic systems are used to make a wide range of products, including vehicles, aircraft, ships and machine tools. They are largely used in construction equipment such as bulldozers and other earth-moving vehicles. Forklifts also use hydraulic systems.
Types
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Hydraulic systems come in several types. Piston pumps are the most common. Vane pumps use vanes that are inserted into rotor slots. Gear pumps are not as effective as other types of hydraulic systems.
Problems
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Hydraulic systems work best when no air bubbles exist in the hydraulic liquid. Vehicle mechanics remove air bubbles from vehicle brake systems through a process called "bleeding."
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References
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