Types of Hydraulic Motors
Hydraulic motors use pressure derived from fluids to drive different kinds of mechanical loads. One common denominator among all hydraulic motors is that they are not capable of functioning as an independent units. They are made to function as a part of a hydraulic circuit system, incorporating other hydraulic elements such as filters, high pressure valves and hydraulic fluid tanks.
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History
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John Whitehurst is widely credited as the inventor who discovered the non-self-acting ram pump. John made his discovery in England in 1772. A second inventor called Montgolfier discovered the hydraulic valve system. This discovery completed the evolution of hydraulic pumps. This technology in part led to the development and manufacturing of hydraulic motors. The first American patent for hydraulic pumps was issued to the J. Cemeau and SS Hallet in New York City in the year 1809.
Features
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Hydraulic motors have some distinguishing features. They are fluid power actuators with the capability to deliver either a linear or rotary motion. The type of motion delivered by hydraulic motors depends on the design. All hydraulic motors are capable of extracting fluid from a reservoir, cleaning it and returning it to the original reservoir.
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Identification
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There are mainly two identification characteristics of hydraulic motors in use today. The first category is the High Speed Low Torque hydraulic motor. The HSLT hydraulic motors can be identified by its higher number of revolutions per minute. It generally has speeds of 1,000 to 5,000 revolutions per minute. The second type of hydraulic motor delivers speeds of 0.1 to 1,000 revolutions per minute. The types perform similar functions; the only differences are in capacity and rotary speeds.
Types
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The first type of hydraulic motor is called the axial piston motor. It is made up of several cylinders which are arranged around a hub. Each cylinder has its own piston. The eccentric swash plate of the axial piston hydraulic motor is generally connected to one end of the cylinder. When the hydraulic motor is functioning, the cylinders are loaded with high-pressure hydraulic fluid. The cylinders cause the swash plate to rotate when the hydraulic motor is running.
The Radial Hydraulic Motor
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A radial hydraulic motor's cylinders are arranged similarly to a car engine's. The pistons are placed on the cams along the camshaft. When the pistons rotate, they in turn cause a rotary movement to the camshaft. Radial hydraulic motors are used in the design of forklifts and similar equipment.
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