Types of Arthritis in Children
Juvenile arthritis is any type of arthritis or an arthritis-related condition that develops in a child younger than 18. It is an auto-immune disorder, which means that the body attacks itself. In most cases, there is no known cause. There are various types of juvenile arthritis, which may last from several months to several years. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent joint damage.
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Significance
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According to the Arthritis Foundation, juvenile arthritis and rheumatologic conditions affect approximately 294,000 children. Arthritis is one of the most common childhood diseases in the United States. It can affect any joint and may affect internal organs as well. Terms used to describe juvenile arthritis are juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA).
Polyarticular JRA or JIA
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Polyarticular JRA or JIA affects five or more joints. It affects girls more often than boys and usually affects wrists, knees and ankles. It can also affect joints in the neck and jaw. It often affects the same joint on both sides of the body and can begin at any age.
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Pauciarticular JRA or JIA
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Pauciarticular JRA or JIA, also called oligoarthritis, affects four or less joints. This form of arthritis usually affects wrists, ankles and knees. It may affect only one side of the body. It may also cause inflammation of the eye. Older children who develop pauciarticular JRA may develop a form of the disease that lasts into adulthood.
Systemic Arthritis
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Systemic arthritis is characterized by recurring fevers of 103 F or higher. It is often accompanied by a pink rash on the child's chest and thighs. Joints affected include hands, wrists and ankles. This form of arthritis may cause inflammation of internal organs. Boys and girls are affected equally.
Other Types of Arthritis in Children
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Other types of arthritis in children are not as common. These include psoriatic arthritis (arthritis accompanied by psoriasis), juvenile dermatomyositis, juvenile vasculitis and juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Enthesitis-related arthritis is a form of arthritis causing joint pain, but no noticeable swelling, which usually affects the spine and hips.
Diagnosis and Treatment
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There isn't a single test to diagnose juvenile arthritis. Diagnosis is based on a thorough medical exam and exclusion of other conditions that may cause similar symptoms. Treatment of arthritis in children depends on what type of arthritis they have, but usually includes exercise and medication. The goal of treatment is to reduce swelling, relieve pain, and to prevent joint damage and complications.
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