Speaker Box Types
A speaker box is an enclosure that houses the woofer or subwoofer of your music system. Speaker boxes often appear in car stereos, but they also have uses in home systems.
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Speaker Box Explanation
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A speaker box is typically a square or rectangular enclosure in which you fasten one, two, or multiple woofer speakers. There are various materials you can use to create a speaker box. The ideal materials include a rigid material like medium density fiberboard, a polycarbonate called lexan, aluminum material filled with aluminum honeycomb called aerolam or even formed concrete.
Sealed Box
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This is most basic form of enclosure in which the rear of the woofer sits inside the enclosure with the front of the woofer exposed outward. The sealed enclosure has two sub-types. If your enclosure is stiff, you can have an Infinite Baffle in which the box is larger, but the enclosure itself provides the stiffness to reverberate the bass. Alternatively, you can have an acoustic suspension in which the box is smaller, and the air itself provides the stiffness.
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Vented Enclosures
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Vented enclosures are also known as bass reflex, ported or passive radiator. The power of this enclosure comes from a port or hole in the box that allows the rear output of the woofer to contribute to the system's total output. The key here is that the port should "replace" frequencies of the woofer and create less distortion in the output.
Bandpass
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This is a much more complex system in which there are two enclosures, one for the front of the woofer and one for the rear. The front enclosure looks much like a vented enclosure, and the rear enclosure looks much like a sealed box. This is a very efficient box because the front enclosure filters out high pass frequencies and reduces distortion, while the rear filters out low pass frequencies, causing the two enclosures to work in harmony.
Coupled Cavity
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Much similar to the bandpass enclosure, this enclosure also has "two" enclosures, but the front and back enclosures are both vented. These tend to be difficult to design because you must make sure that the ports in the front and rear are different enough that they do not filter out the same frequencies. In turn, there is not a consistent theory on the appropriate design for these types of enclosures.
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