Problems With Computer Clocks
Determining the cause of a computer clock's failure is a fairly straightforward process once the symptoms have been analyzed. Computer clocks have only two failure modes: The first is that they keep accurate time once they are set when the computer is booted up, then lose the time and date settings when the computer is shut down and restarted. The second is that they do not keep accurate time and typically will run increasingly slower while the computer is running.
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Not Functioning
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If the computer clock has stopped dead and does not display either the time or the date, in almost every case this can be fixed by replacing the motherboard. If possible, replace the motherboard with exactly the same make and model. This will ensure that the CPU and RAM will continue to work once the replacement has been made. This will also prevent, in many cases, a complete reinstall of Microsoft Windows and possible issues with getting your Windows license activated without a call to Microsoft Tech Support.
Resetting Date/Time
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If the computer loses the date and time every time the system is restarted, the likely culprit is the CMOS battery. CMOS batteries look like coins and are mounted to the motherboard, usually held in place by a restraint mechanism.
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Battery Replacement
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Typically the battery restraint mechanism is a clip that can be slid back or lifted out of the way so that the battery can be removed and a new one inserted. CMOS batteries are not expensive and can sometimes be purchased at any place that carries a good selection of batteries. If necessary they can be ordered online; a link is provided in the Resources section for your convenience.
Motherboard
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If the motherboard is determined to be the problem, replacing that part is outside of the scope of this article. However, a decision needs to be made if this replacement is worth the cost, especially if the computer is getting near the end of its expected life and/or the replacement will need to be done using an outside expert. With the cost of a new entry-level Dell or equivalent computer dipping into the low $200 range, spending an equal amount of money on an older system may be throwing good money after bad.
Internet Time Servers
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It is possible to set up Microsoft Windows systems so that they disregard the CMOS clock and instead use an Internet Time Server as their time source. A link to a site that provides this service for free is provided in the Resources section.
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