Types of Lasers Used in Dentistry
Dentists now use lasers to attack a wide range of oral-health problems. Lasers can remove bacteria, find and repair cavities, brighten teeth, and much more. When it comes to dental lasers, one size does not fit all. In fact, dentists who use lasers often have three or more devices in their practices. Each laser works best for specific kind of bone or tissue, and choosing the right type of laser is an important part of treatment.
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Types
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The main kinds of dental lasers include diode and Nd:YAG lasers that target diseased tissue; carbon-dioxide lasers that work well in soft tissue; and Erbium lasers that work well in both soft and hard tissue.
Applications
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Carbon-dioxide lasers are used in oral surgery, including removal of diseased tissue and bone. These lasers may also be used to remove tumors from the mouth. Diode and Nd:YAG lasers can remove gingivitis (inflamed gum tissue) and other disease-causing elements (pathogens). Nd:YAG lasers can also be used in a technique called LANAP, which helps revitalize gum tissue. Because they work well with hard tissues, Erbium lasers are often used in cosmetic dental surgery, and can be used to prepare teeth for fillings.
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Benefits
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Each laser emits light along a set of wavelengths and power levels. Choosing the wrong wavelength or power can damage the teeth or gums. Therefore, dentists seek training in choosing and using lasers prior to using them in practice. Having several different types to choose from allow dentists to offer more laser-treatment options to their patients.
Cautions
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The American Dental Association does not endorse laser use for all dental procedures. If you're offered laser treatment, ask your dentist why he or she recommends it. Is laser therapy more effective than other treatments? Don't hesitate to compare the cost of the procedure with traditional techniques.
Time Frame
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Laser treatments for dentistry have been available since the 1960s, and became common in the 1990s. In recent years, research has pinpointed the type of lasers that are most effective for certain procedures. In addition, research has compared the effectiveness of specific lasers with traditional techniques. For the ADA's overview of this research, see resources, below.
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