Fungal Nail Infection

Your nails are made of living cells and play many important roles. They protect your fingers and toes, and can also warn your doctor of potentially harmful conditions that you may be suffering from, such as diabetes or heart disease. A condition called nail fungus can make your beautiful nails appear discolored and thick.

Causes

Nail fungus is caused by an infection of fungi in one or more nails. The fungus that causes these infections is part of a group of fungi called dermatophytes. Molds and yeasts can also cause this type of infection. Fungi thrive in warm, wet environments, such as showers and swimming pools. If you have a small separation between your nail and the nail bed, or even a minuscule cut, you are susceptible to a fungal nail infection.

Symptoms

Various telltale signs warn you of a fungal nail infection. Your nails will look brittle, ragged, crumbly, thickened, dull and discolored. They may become darkened because of the buildup under your nail. You may also notice that your nails begin to separate from the nail bed. This is a condition called onycholysis, and it often causes pain and a foul odor.

Diagnosis

Your doctor can usually spot a nail fungal infection just by inspecting your nails. He may want to take a sample of the debris under your nail to test for fungi. This will help him rule out any underlying medical conditions that are wreaking havoc on your nails. Psoriasis can create an infection that appears to be fungal. Once your doctor determines what is causing your nail infection, he can decide on the best treatment for your situation.

Treatment

Fungal nail infections are often stubborn, and do not respond well to treatment. You should ask your doctor for a prescription medication, as over-the-counter creams and ointments aren't very effective. Oral antifungal medications, such as Lamisil and Sporanox, are available by prescription. You will likely take the medication for six to 12 weeks, but it usually takes much longer to get your nail back to normal. Some cases take more than four months to completely clear up.

Prevention

Recurrent fungal nail infections happen often. It is important to practice good hygiene if you want to ward off future infections. Trim your nails often, keeping them short, clean and dry. Wear synthetic socks as opposed to cotton or wool, as they will keep your feet drier. Don't bite your nails or pick at the skin beside them, as this can cause tiny cuts, inviting fungi to invade your nails. Never go barefoot in public, especially in places like gym showers. Those showers are a breeding ground for fungus and bacteria. Wash your hands often if you have a current infection. This can keep it from spreading to your other nails.

References

• Mayo Clinic
• American Academy of Dermatology