Facts About Donkeys

The smallest members of the horse family, donkeys have become the "all-terrain vehicle" of the horse kingdom. Donkeys are correctly termed "asses," which come from the Latin "equus asinus." Donkeys, burros and jackstock are all members of the ass family. These desert-dwellers have been domesticated and used by man in a variety of ways, from pack animals to guardians.

History

Donkeys originated on the deserts of Africa. They can go long periods without food or water in these dry climates, and their long ears help to keep them cool. The ancient Egyptians are thought to have used donkeys to carry precious gems. Donkeys, because of their small size, can fit in between rows of grapes in vineyards. The Romans used donkeys as pack animals and for agricultural purposes. The Romans were responsible for bringing donkeys to England. The Spanish are said to have brought donkeys to the New World.

Characteristics

The most telling characteristic about donkeys is, of course, their long ears. Not only are they used to keep the animal cool, but they help donkeys to hear many miles away. Coyotes and wolves are a donkey's natural predator.

Donkeys come in types, not breeds, and each type is based on the animal's size. The miniature Mediterranean is 36 inches and under; the standard is 36 to 48 inches; the large standard is 48 to 56 inches; and the mammoth jackstock is 56 inches and over.

Colors range from the common gray-dun, to brown, sorrel, black and even spotted. Most donkeys have lighter bellies, white muzzles and light rings around the eyes. Their manes and tails are coarser than that of a horse. Donkey tails resemble those of a cow, with a tassel of hair at the end.

Male donkeys are called jacks and females are jennets. Offspring are called foals. Burros are wild donkeys. It is also the term used for donkeys in Spain. A male donkey crossed with a female horse produces a mule.

Role of the Donkey

Donkeys have been used as pack animals for centuries, but they also make excellent guard animals, especially for sheep, goats and cattle. Donkeys are intelligent creatures and will not run from trouble. They can be stubborn but only when they question their safety. Donkeys can be harnessed, saddled and even shown in the ring. They are curious animals, and once they are properly trained with caring and trust, donkeys can become pets or guardians.

Caring for Donkeys

Donkeys don't normally need to wear shoes, unless they are working on hard surfaces much of the time. They do need regular hoof care and vaccinations, just like horses. Donkeys don't need a lot of protein in their diet and, as herbivores, grass and hay are usually adequate. Overfeeding will result in a fat donkey. Apples and carrots are favorite treats.

Interesting Facts

The gestation period for a jennet is 12 months. Twins in donkeys are not unheard of and are 10 times more likely in donkeys than horses. Donkeys don't like to be kept alone. If purchasing a donkey, make sure there is another donkey present or goats or sheep. Donkeys do not get along with dogs (coyotes being natural predators). They also don't like rain and their coats are not waterproof.

References

• American Donkey & Mule Society
• Mike's Donkeys

Resources

• American Donkey & Mule Society