NHS Psoriasis Treatments
Psoriasis is a skin condition caused by skin cells being reproduced too quickly. It takes 21 to 28 days for skin cells to go through their life cycle, from creation to death. Psoriasis occurs when this process takes place in two to six days. This causes flaky, red patches on the skin and is most commonly found on the lower back, knees and elbows. Psoriasis is a chronic disease that can reoccur at any time. At this time, there is no cure for psoriasis, but it can be treated with the following methods.
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Types of Psoriasis
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There are several types of psoriasis, but the most common is plaque psoriasis. Eighty percent of people with psoriasis have plaque psoriasis. Red, dry skin lesions covered in silver scales are called plaque and are usually found on the knees and elbows. The plaque can sometimes be sore and itchy and can cause the surrounding area to crack and bleed.
Scalp psoriasis normally occurs on the back of the head but can form anywhere on the head or on the entire head. In the most intense cases it can cause baldness, but this is rarely permanent. For some this can be extremely itchy, while others may feel no discomfort.
Cause of Psoriasis
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The cause of psoriasis is not yet known, but it is certain that the immune system is involved. The sped up skin cycle is caused by antibodies called T cells attacking the skin cells. These attacks trigger the immune system to create more skin and T cells.
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Treatment of Psoriasis
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While there is no cure for psoriasis, a general practitioner may be able to treat cases that are not considered too extreme or severe. Severe cases where psoriasis covers a large area may warrant a referral to a dermatology specialist. For mild cases, a topical corticosteroid may be applied to slow down the production of skin cells. Vitamin D may be applied to suppress the immune system, slowing the production of skin cells.
Phototherapy
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Photo or light therapy is also sometimes used. The skin is exposed to sunlight, or ultraviolet B light can be effective in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. This treatment can cause an increased risk of skin cancer and should be performed under the supervision of a dermatologist.
Medications and Injections
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There are also injections and medications that can be taken as a psoriasis treatment. Ciclosporin is taken by injection and suppresses the immune system, slowing skin cell production. Aciterin is an oral medicine that is used to treat severe psoriasis and has an array of side effects. These can range from dry lips to loss of hair. There is a high risk for birth defects for up to two years after treatment.
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