Signs & Symptoms of Low Blood Pressure in a Child
Low blood pressure occurs when blood pressure during or after a heartbeat is lower than usual. It does not always create symptoms and may not require any treatment. Low pressure may prevent the brain, heart and other organs from receiving enough blood for proper function. This lack of blood flow can cause a variety of symptoms.
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Types
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Low blood pressure or hypotension falls into three main categories. Orthostatic is sometimes referred to as a head rush. This occurs when changing from a sitting or prone position to standing. Orthostatic hypotension may increase with age. Neurally mediated hypotension (NMH) refers to a change in blood pressure while standing, especially when standing for a long time. The final type is severe hypotension or shock. This usually occurs with a sudden loss of blood due to accident or injury.
Causes
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Orthostatic hypotension is caused when the body changes position suddenly. This affects older adults more often than children. NMH affects children and young adults after they have been standing for a long time, particularly if knees are locked. Most children will grow out of this type of hypotension and no treatment is required. A predisposition to low blood pressure can be caused by dehydration, illness or some medications. Shock is usually caused by a trauma that causes a sudden loss of blood.
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Symptoms
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Symptoms for orthostatic hypotension and NMH are similar. Dizziness, fainting, blurry vision and light-headedness are all symptoms of low blood pressure. If an individual experiences any symptoms he should lie down immediately and raise his feet above the heart level. The symptoms usually pass quickly. If fainting should result in unconsciousness call 911 or contact emergency medical personnel. Shock as a result of accident or injury is a medical emergency and should be treated as such.
Treatment
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Treatment of low blood pressure varies according to the cause. Individuals with NMH should avoid triggers. If required to stand, shift position frequently and don't lock knees. If medication is the root cause, a change in dosage may be prescribed. Drinking fluids and increasing salt in the diet can alleviate the symptoms when dehydration is the cause. Consult with a medical professional for the correct course of treatment.
Prevention
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Low blood pressure can be prevented. Drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration and increase the amount of fluid in the body. Don't stand for long periods of time. Move slowly when changing body positions. Check blood pressure regularly to monitor progress.
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