What Is an Ingrown Toenail?

One of the most common health problems associated with the foot is the development of ingrown toenails. Typically this condition affects the big toe, but can occur in any one of the toenails. Ingrown nails can be easily prevented, but may require the attention of a podiatrist if the condition becomes severe or infection is present.

The Facts

Ingrown toenails are known by the medical term unguis incarnates or onychocryptosis. A healthy toenail develops in a forward direction, causing the nail to become longer. When an ingrown toenail develops, the growth of the nail alters and occurs in a sideways direction. The new growth is pushed into the side of the skin and eventually breaks the surface. If left untreated, an ingrown toenail can become infected and require medical attention by a podiatrist.

Cause

The most common cause of ingrown toenails is improper trimming, leading to a change in the growth pattern of the nail. Trauma, fungal infections and wearing improperly fitted shoes can increase the risk of developing this condition. In some cases, the condition can be genetic. Also, once an individual has developed and treated an ingrown toenail, the odds of this condition reoccurring increase.

Identification

When an ingrown toenail initially develops, symptoms may be mild and include slight pressure along the side of the nail, slight discomfort, swelling and tenderness. Initially these symptoms will appear only along the infected side of the nail. As the nail grows and the condition increases in severity, the initial symptoms may increase in severity and may be accompanied by infection. Infection is the result of bacteria entering the broken area of skin and is indicated by heat, redness, swelling and pus.

Prevention/Solution

Ingrown toenails can be easily prevented by following a few basic care steps. First, proper trimming is essential, because it is the leading cause of the development of ingrown nails. Nails should be trimmed straight across, should not be cut short, and the corners should not be curved. Wear shoes that are comfortable and fit correctly. For women, tight fitting and pointy shoes should be avoided--especially if this is a reoccurring condition. Also if there are other health concerns such as diabetes or if ingrown toenails are occurring on a habitual basis, regular visits with a podiatrist may be required.

Treatment

In the initial stages of the development of an ingrown nail, treatment may be performed at home. The injured foot should be soaked in warm water and Epsom salts three to four times a day and dried completely to prevent infection. The nail can be gently lifted at the corner to remove it from its embedded position and encourage healthy growth. If possible open-toed shoes should be worn, or comfortable shoes should be selected that do not put pressure on the injured nail. Symptoms that do not disappear after 2 or 3 days of at-home treatment require medical treatment by a podiatrist resulting in the partial or complete removal of the nail. Antibiotic treatment may be required if infection has set in prior to surgical removal.

References

• Ingrown Toenails