African American Folk Art Information
Folk art as a genre defies a single definition; rather it is defined by a broad set of characteristics that the artworks possess. Folk art, including pieces produced by African Americans, can challenge perceptions of who is an artist and what is called art. When viewing folk art, it is important to consider where and when it was made, what materials were used, the skill level of the maker and the intent of the artwork.
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Facts
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The phrase "folk art" refers to art objects that have been created by self-trained artists; that is, artists who have limited or no formal art training. Folk artists are sometimes referred to as outsider artists or "the others." African American folk art is created by self-trained individuals who live in the United States and whose ethnicity is traced to African nations.
Time Frame
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The earliest African American folk art was created by both free and enslaved individuals when the United States was in its infancy. The tradition of creating folk art continues today.
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Geography
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Not restricted to one region of the United States, African American folk art has been, and is, created in both urban and rural environments.
Types
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Similar to artwork produced by other self-trained artists, African American folk art covers a diverse range of items. Sculpture, painting, ceramics, drawings, quilts, grave decoration, furniture, toys and needlework are only a few examples of artwork produced by African American folk artists.
Features
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African American folk art can be functional, decorative or a combination of both. An example of functional folk art might be a weather vane in the shape of an animal or person. Needlework that includes a biblical proverb is an example of decorative folk art. An intricate quilt design is a combination of functional and decorative folk art.
Identification
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Since folk artists often use materials and tools that are readily available where they live, their artwork typically reflects the region where it was produced. Needs of the artist or community, local beliefs and aesthetic preferences are illustrated in African American folk art. It is common for this folk art to make reference to religious teachings, patriotism, folklore or family.
Considerations
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When viewing African American folk art, consider both the maker and the context in which the artwork was made. African American folk artists celebrate the beauty of everyday objects. Rather than drawing upon classical or formal training to create their art, folk artists rely upon personal feelings or instincts. As such, furniture, quilts and household utensils are transformed into works of art that document the time, place and culture of the maker.
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References
- Photo Credit Pam Stephens
