Side Effects of Diclofenac Sodium
Diclofenac sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve mild to moderate pain, inflammation and fever. It is available in generic form and as the brands Cataflam and Voltaren. Doctors commonly prescribe diclofenac to treat the pain, swelling and stiffness caused by osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The drug also is prescribed to treat headaches, dental pain, menstrual cramps, muscle pain and sports-related injuries. Several side effects are possible.
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Common Side Effects
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Gastrointestinal effects are the most common side effects associated with diclofenac sodium. These include stomach upset, nausea, bloating, gas, heartburn, indigestion, loss of appetite, and constipation or diarrhea. Other common side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, itching and ringing in the ears.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding
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NSAIDs, including diclofenac, can cause bleeding ulcers in the stomach or intestine. Aspirin or daily use of alcohol can increase this risk. Symptoms require prompt medical attention, as the condition can be life-threatening. Symptoms include black and tarry stools, blood in the urine, coughing or vomiting blood, vomit that looks like coffee grounds and persistent abdominal pain.
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Increased Bleeding
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Diclofenac sodium can cause increased bleeding, which may be indicated by easy bruising, unexplained nosebleeds, and red or purple spots on the skin. People taking anticoagulants such as warfarin may not be able to use diclofenac. Other medications which can increase this risk when taking them with diclofenac include other NSAIDs and corticosteroids.
Cardiovascular Concerns
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Diclofenac sodium, as other NSAIDs except for aspirin, can lead to a higher risk of heart attack or stroke. The risk may be higher for patients taking NSAIDs for a long time. An NSAID-related heart attack or stroke can occur without warning and can be life-threatening. Symptoms call for emergency medical attention and include chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness on one side of the body and slurred speech.
Other Serious Effects
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Although rare, diclofenac has been associated with liver dysfunction, which has signs of jaundice, nausea, dark urine and fatigue. The drug also can rarely cause kidney problems and kidney failure. Another rare side effect is an allergic reaction, with symptoms of rash or hives, swelling and difficulty breathing.
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