Basic Computer Definitions

A personal computer is almost a necessity today. Purchasing a computer is exciting, but some of the acronyms and definitions are confusing for a new computer user. There are several basic definitions that aren't explained to a new user simply because they are so commonly used. A few basic definitions and understanding of the terms will help you buy a computer with the necessary hardware and software.

RAM

Random access memory (RAM) is a part of the computer where software loads. The term "memory" is used since the computer uses RAM to retrieve and run software programs without losing data or settings. RAM requirements are dependent on the use of the machine. For simple Web browsing and office work, 1 gigabyte (GB) of memory is sufficient. For more memory-intensive applications like programming or gaming, 2 GB is recommended.

CPU

The central processing unit (CPU) is the component that determines the speed of calculations. Computers only use bits for information. A bit is a 1 or a 0 (on or off), and the CPU calculates these bits at a certain speed. A faster CPU can process bits more quickly, which is translated as a faster machine. CPU speeds rapidly increase every year with new technology. Save money by purchasing a CPU that is not the latest and greatest model.

Peripherals

The term "peripheral" is used to describe input devices that connect to the machine. For instance, a keyboard and mouse are peripherals. Some peripherals--like a keyboard--are necessary parts of the machine. A printer is also a peripheral, but it is not a necessary component that makes a machine work.

HDD

A hard disk drive (HDD) is the component that holds information saved by the user. The hard drive is a necessary component and probably one of the most volatile. Most computer users experience a hard drive crash at least once, so it's important to purchase a main hard drive with a backup device like a CD-ROM or DVD drive. Large hard drives allow you to save more data and install large software packages.

NIC

The network interface card (NIC) is the component used to connect the computer to a network. The NIC is not a necessity, but most computers are purchased with a NIC so that they can attach to a network. Networks have become cheaper, so many home users now have a network in their homes. NICs are relatively inexpensive and allow you to share information between different computers.