Pug Knee Problems
Pugs, like any breed, have their fair share of health problems. Knee problems are considered to be relatively common in pugs. This is due to a variety of both genetic and environmental contributions. Fortunately, many of these conditions are understood and can be treated relatively easily through surgery.
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Patella Luxation
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The patella, more commonly known as the knee cap, normally guides the muscles when the entire joint moves. When a luxating patella occurs, the knee cap literally moves sideways out of its normal groove causing mild to significant paint and locking up the movement of the dog's leg. This condition is common to smaller breeds of dogs that have shorter legs, including the pug. (Reference 1, 2)
Treatment Options for Patella Luxation
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For most dogs, surgery is the best option to correct the situation. Trochlear modification is a surgery that can be used to deepen the patella, limiting the chances of it jumping out of the groove. In other cases, surgery known as lateral imbrication can be used to literally tie the kneecap in order to prevent it from jumping out of its groove. Lastly, tibial crest transposition is a surgery that is used to remove and re-attach certain tendons in a more pleasing position for the kneecap. (Reference 1, 2)
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Patellar Dislocation
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Often called "slipped stifles," this condition occurs when the kneecap becomes dislocated. This can be due to genetics or through injury. The kneecap can become dislocated due to weak ligaments, misalignment of the muscles, degeneration of the joint or an abnormal groove in which the kneecap would usually rest. Symptoms include limping or simply not using of the leg, as well as obvious signs of pain. In cases where patellar dislocation is severe, surgery can be used to correct the issue. (Reference 2)
Degenerative Joint Disease
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Also known as osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease occurs when deterioration has occurred around the joints for an extended period of time. This usually occurs in older dogs with symptoms ranging from lameness of the affected knees, a stiffer gait and a decrease interest in activity. You may notice that these symptoms worsen with cold weather, longer periods of inactivity or with exercise. (Reference 3)
Surgery can be used to help slow the progression of the disease, however most treatments involve controlling the symptoms of the treatment. Medications are used to help reduce pain, control swelling and some veterinarians will also recommend calcium supplements for the weakened bones. (Reference 3)
Obesity
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While many of these diseases can be genetic, weight of your pug can also play a huge role. Pugs who are significantly overweight are an increased risk of developing these conditions. You should control your dog's food intake. If your pug is overweight, you should consult your veterinarian for a weight loss plan to help your pug reach an optimal weight. Regular short walks can also be helpful, however most pugs are unable to truly exercise for any extended period of time. (Resource 1)
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