Stages of Periodontitis
Periodontitis is gum disease. There are several different types of gum disease. Milder forms can progress into more aggressive forms if left untreated. Most forms are caused by inadequate oral hygiene, though some are caused by systemic illnesses. Dental professionals classify the type of disease by its severity and symptoms on a system created by the American Dental Association (ADA).
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Gingivitis
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Gingivitis is the mildest form of gum disease. It is primarily caused by inadequate oral hygiene, and it can be reversed simply by improving oral hygiene. It is classified as Case Type I by the ADA. Its most noticeable symptom is swollen and bleeding gums. Bad breath, also called halitosis, is often present as well. The damage is limited to the gum tissue at this stage.
Early Periodontitis
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Early periodontitis is classified as Class Type II by the ADA. It builds on the damage caused by gingivitis. Swollen, bleeding gums are common, as well as some recession of the gums from the teeth. The damage can spread from the gum tissue to connective tissue and jaw bone tissue at this stage.
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Moderate Periodontitis
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Moderate periodontitis is classified as Class Type III by the ADA. It includes all of Class Type II's symptoms. More severe bone loss tends to occur at this stage. Pockets can form in the gums, either bulging or receding. They can be filled with pus and bleed easily. At this stage, the teeth can begin to shift due to bone loss and the breakdown of connective tissue.
Advanced Periodontitis
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Advanced periodontitis is classified as Class Type IV by the ADA. All of the symptoms of Class Type III can be present and more dominant. In addition, bone loss spreads and can cause severe shifting of the teeth and tooth loss. The gums will bleed when probed, and they may have deep spaces between the gum line and the teeth. Bad breath is more pronounced and difficult to remedy at this stage.
Prevention
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The best way to prevent the advancement of periodontitis is to stop it in the earliest stages. This is done by improving hygiene standards and getting regular dental cleanings. Flossing daily and using a water irrigation device are great ways to remove extra plaque that may be missed during the brushing of the teeth. Your dental professional can recommend other products that can help you get your gums in better health.
Tobacco use can also contribute to gum disease, so seek medical support in quitting.
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