What Are CAT Scans Used For?
CAT scans are a common medical tool physicians use to diagnose and determine proper treatment for a variety of health problems. The test is relatively safe for patients and can detect illnesses that could be life-threatening if left untreated. Concerns about possible side effects of a CAT scan should be addressed with a doctor before the procedure. According to Radiologyinfo.org, however, the lifesaving benefits of CAT scans usually outweigh any risks.
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Function
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A CAT scan, or Computerized Axial Tomography scan, is a type of enhanced X-ray machine that takes three-dimensional pictures of the body's internal bones and organs, and then transmits the images to a computer for data processing. A CAT scan is also referred to as a CT scan. The scans are used to find abnormalities within the body and to help a medical professional make a diagnosis of treatment for certain health issues. When a patient undergoes a CAT scan, she lies face-up on a table and is pulled back through a tunnel within a big boxlike contraption. Within this tunnel is a gantry, which is a ring that contains an X-ray detector and tube that rotates around the patient. The information is then processed and relayed through a computer; a technician obtains the information in another room away from the CAT scan.
Diagnosis
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CAT scans are commonly used by health professionals to make a diagnosis in a patient. Perhaps the most common use of the procedure is to diagnose pancreatic, lung and liver cancers. That's because the scan is able to precisely locate a tumor and measure it. Also, a CAT scan reveals whether the tumor is spreading to other tissues. CAT scans can also help with the diagnosis of skeletal injuries, including that of the spine, feet and hands. Lifesaving diagnoses of vascular problems are implemented with the aid of a CAT scan, as well as aneurysms and blood clots in the lungs. Osteoporosis can be detected with a CAT scan by measuring bone mineral density.
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Treatment
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CAT scans are often used in the treatment of tumors. They often give the physician guidance in the extraction or biopsy of a tumor, and aid in the administration of radiation treatments to get rid of tumors. In addition, CAT scans are used to plan for organ transplants and other surgeries, as well as to follow up to see how the patient's body handled the surgery.
Considerations
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Although CAT scans do not cause any pain, a patient must make preparations to prevent improper scanning. Do not wear jewelry or watches during a scan, as metal interferes with the images obtained. Some patients are allowed to wear clothing, as long as the items are loose-fitting. Others may be asked to wear a gown during the scan. Also, a patient will likely be advised against consuming any foods and fluids for several hours before the scheduled CAT scan to avoid any interference.
Warning
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Although CAT scans are generally considered to be safe, there is a slight chance a person could get cancer as a result of radiation exposure during the procedure. The most common side effect is a reaction to the contrast material that is injected into the patient's veins before the procedure. This material contains iodine and helps the organs and blood vessels become more pronounced on the scan. However, some people have reactions such as moderate to severe hives, kidney failure, itching, a rash and difficulty breathing. If there is a possibility that a female patient might be pregnant, she should avoid getting a CAT scan to protect her fetus. Also, children should avoid them unless the information is needed to make a life-saving diagnosis.
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