Glucosamine & Chondrotin for Dogs
Glucosamine and chondroitin are extremely popular natural remedies for osteoarthritis in both humans and pets. It is frequently used as a nutritional supplement for dogs with hip dysplasia, osteoarthritis and other painful conditions that affect joint tissue. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), numerous clinical trials have confirmed the overall safety and efficacy of glucosamine-chondroitin use for both humans and animals. The two compounds are associated with very few side effects and are generally regarded as safe by veterinarians and human physicians.
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Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sources
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While glucosamine and chondroitin occur naturally in the joints of all healthy mammals, the amounts tend to decrease with age, leading to the progressive break-down of joint tissue. Dietary supplements and fortified foods are the most common sources of these nutrients. Some specialized "senior formula" dog foods are enhanced with glucosamine, chondroitin and other joint-supporting compounds.
As a supplement, chondroitin is generally derived from the cartridge of cattle, pigs or sharks. For ethical and ecological reasons, most consumers prefer to use farm-sourced chondroitin. Glucosamine, which forms the shells and exoskeletons of most crustaceans, is an affordable by-product of the shellfish industry. Dogs with known shellfish allergies should avoid supplements containing glucosamine.
Effects of Glucosamine and Chondroitin
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As animals age, they tend to lose their ability to synthesize and/or digest glucosamine and chondroitin. When they take supplements or foods that contain these compounds, it compensates for this nutritional deficit. Supplemental chondroitin can help to neutralize the enzymes that deteriorate joint tissue, leading to reduced inflammation and increased joint mass.
Glucosamine is also a component of joint tissue, and it helps to relieve joint problems in dogs by physically rebuilding injured cartilage. It can also block the future deterioration of joints by addressing the underlying nutritional deficiency that causes osteoarthritis.
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Safety
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Unless a dog has a known shellfish allergy, there is little reason to expect any form of side effect or drug interaction from glucosamine and chondroitin, even if they are taken on a long-term basis. Glucosamine and chondroitin function as nutritional supplements, not drugs, and there is no known interaction between glucosamine-chondroitin compounds and any veterinary drug.
Because some dogs have difficulty digesting pills, it is possible that glucosamine and chondroitin, given in a pill-form, can lead to problems like diarrhea, constipation, vomiting and flatulence. These side effects can usually be eliminated through the use of chewable or liquid supplements instead of pills.
Choosing Supplements
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Human-grade supplements are regulated more effectively than veterinary supplements, so some dog owners choose to use glucosamine and chondroitin complexes made for human use. However, some manufacturers make glucosamine-chondroitin supplements designed for dogs. These may be flavored or coated to make them more appealing to pets.
According to NIH, most human clinical trials have confirmed the efficacy of glucosamine sulfate, but no other forms of the compound. Pet owners are advised to also seek sulfate-based glucosamine and chondroitin formulas. Glucosamine and chondroitin can be found in the form of chewables, gravies, enhanced dog food, powders and aqueous liquids.
Course of Treatment
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The effects of glucosamine and chondroitin are not immediate; it usually takes at least a few weeks before the dog begins showing noticeable signs of recovery. Most pet owners report a significant decrease in symptoms within three months. For faster relief, many veterinarians will recommend that dogs take low doses of NSAID pain relievers---however, these require vet supervision since they can be very dangerous if used inappropriately.
Unfortunately, glucosamine and chondroitin do not appear to permanently alter an animal's joints. The positive effects of supplementation decrease whenever treatment is ended. Pets with joint problems should continue to take glucosamine and chondroitin regularly, even after the disease symptoms have been eliminated.
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