Salmonella Diseases

Salmonella is a bacteria that causes disease in humans. It is most commonly known for causing pain and discomfort in the abdomen. Patients complain of diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Salmonella is spread from fecal matter and inappropriate hygiene practices. Most people are able to recover with little medical treatment.

Typhoid Fever

Typhoid fever is also called enteric fever in some cultures. Typhoid fever is caused by the species salmonella typhi. The infection is spread from ingesting contaminated water or food that contains fecal matter of an infected person. S. typhi resists destruction from the host's immune system, but it is usually cleared without medication. If the condition persists, doctors may prescribe antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin.

Paratyphoid Fever

Paratyphoid fever is caused by salmonella paratyphi. The name is given to paratyphoid fever because of the likenesses of symptoms compared to typhoid fever. However, symptoms are less severe and paratyphoid fever is a milder infection. The infection is spread in the same manner as typhoid fever--contaminated water or food from fecal matter of an infected person.

Salmonellosis

Salmonellosis is the most common disease attributed to the Salmonella genus of bacteria. Salmonellosis is a food borne illness that causes severe diarrhea, vomiting and nausea. Like the previous infections, salmonellosis is spread through contaminated water and food. It's often attributed to food poisoning from restaurant employees. Symptoms last for up to 72 hours, and the disease is usually cleared without treatment.

Prevention

Salmonella illnesses can be prevented through proper hygiene. Anyone who handles food should wash their hands with soap and warm water. Restaurant workers are required to wash their hands after using the restroom. If salmonellosis is spread from a restaurant, the CDC urges patients to notify the state public health facility.

Treatment

Treatment for salmonella illnesses involves mostly supportive care. Patients are urged to replace fluids and electrolytes since diarrhea and vomiting causes the body to lose important liquids. If a patient has a deficient immune system or symptoms persist for longer than three weeks, doctors may prescribe antibiotics to help clear the infection.

References

• CDC.gov