Dental Diseases in Cats
Dental disorders in cats range from mildly inflamed gums and bad breath to painful infections and tooth loss. Unless you regularly inspect the teeth and gums, you may not know that your cat has a dental problem until the condition is quite advanced. A regular program of dental hygiene will help keep your cat's teeth and gums healthy, and prevent a minor condition from developing into something more serious.
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Gingivitis
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Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums. Food debris, bacteria and saliva combine to cause plaque. Plaque is an invisible film that sticks to the teeth and, if left in place, becomes tartar. Tartar builds up along the gum line, causing inflammation and redness. At this point, a thorough cleaning and regular maintenance can reverse further damage.
Periodontitis
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Untreated, gingivitis can lead to periodontitis. As the gums become compromised due to tartar buildup, infections can develop. The tissues of the mouth---gums, ligaments and jawbone---can be damaged and tooth loss will result. Periodontitis is treatable, but it is more complex and invasive than the treatment for gingivitis.
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Gingivitis-Stomatis Syndrome
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Underlying viral or bacterial diseases can cause severe inflammation in your cat's mouth. The entire oral cavity, including the gums, mouth and throat, may be affected. After the underlying condition is treated---cat scratch fever is one cause---the condition may subside. Teeth will sometimes need to be extracted to eliminate ongoing complications.
Endodontic Disease
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Injury or damage to a tooth can cause endodontic disease. The condition occurs inside a tooth and will show up on an X-ray. The affected tooth will usually need to be removed.
Cervical Line Lesions
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Cervical line lesions are similar to human cavities. They are very common in cats, though the cause is unknown. The teeth will begin to break down and the gums will appear red and swollen. The entire top of the tooth may be lost. The gums will grow over the remaining root. Cervical line lesions cause pain, drooling and loss of appetite. Mouth infections may develop because of the tooth loss. The affected teeth will usually need to be extracted.
Good Dental Hygiene
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Brushing your cat's teeth can be made tolerable if you have the right tools. Cat-specific toothpaste--in cat-specific flavors like beef and chicken--will make the job easier. The first few times, use gauze wrapped around your finger. This is easier and less frightening for your cat. After the cat becomes used to brushing, start using a small, soft toothbrush. Start slowly, concentrating on the gum line. Increase your efforts incrementally until your cat allows you to brush as thoroughly as possible. Brush at least twice a week--more if time (and the cat) allows it.
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