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The Effects of the October Manifesto on the Trans Siberian Railway

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By James Withers
eHow Contributing Writer
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The Effects of the October Manifesto on the Trans Siberian Railway
The Effects of the October Manifesto on the Trans Siberian Railway
"Trans-Siberian Railway, Russia" by yeowatzup, www.flickr.com

Both the October Manifesto and the Trans Siberian Railroad were products of the proactive Russian policymaker Sergei Witte. However, they were advanced in a time of conservatism within the Russian government. The man who approved both of these plans, Tsar Nicholas, was unpopular with a great number of his own nation's citizens, who were displeased with his failure to address their concerns. Railway workers expressed open defiance of the government by going on strike en masse. Eager to avoid a revolution, Witte urged the tsar to sign the October Manifesto, which was issued on October 30, 1905 according to the Gregorian calendar. This document provided Russian citizenry with certain concessions, such as increased representation and trade union rights.

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    Appeasement to Protesters

  1. Although revolutionaries were only mildly impressed by concessions offered in the October Manifesto, they nevertheless agreed to end their strikes and allow reforms promised by the manifesto to be enacted. Unfortunately, radical revolutionaries who continued to protest against the government were easier to identify once a majority of railway workers returned to their jobs. Tsar Nicholas' police did not treat these radical revolutionaries kindly. In the coming year, radical and conservative divisions within the working class of Russia would debate the need for a renewal of revolutionary activities.
  2. Movement of Government Forces

  3. Once the October Manifesto was issued, and revolutionaries ended their strikes, Russia's government was able to regain control over the Trans Siberian railroad. Armed with the power of mobility, Russian forces were able to respond to left-wing terrorism, whether it occurred in urban centers or in the Russian countryside. Thousands of people were killed as police attempted to suppress sparks of revolution.
  4. Mutinies in the Military

  5. From the middle of October to late December of 1905, no less than 211 mutinies were recorded to have occurred in Russia's army. Troops that had been stationed in the Far East were demoralized upon hearing news of Tsar Nicholas' October Manifesto, and more than a third of all infantry units disrupted railway activity through Siberia. Most of these soldiers identified with the Russian peasantry, since many belonged to families who were part of this segment of society. Thus, they were not eager to return in force to the urban centers of Russia, where they would be ordered to quell the revolution.
  6. Concessions to Railway Companies

  7. Prior to the Revolution of 1905, Russia's economy had been weakened by failures related to the Japanese War. Both of these events complicated the Russian government's ability to continue construction of the Trans Siberian railroad. Railway companies were not eager to invest, especially as strikes on the railroad brought traffic to a standstill. However, to attract private capital, the government relaxed its policies regarding investments in the railroad. Effectively, private investors were able to take advantage of these policies to generate greater returns from their investments.
  8. Recurring Strikes

  9. While revolutionary fervor was abated for a brief period following the issuance of the October Manifesto, strikes continued to occur sporadically. Tsar Nicholas had been prodded by advisers to sign the document, and was not actually interested in using the manifesto to make dramatic reforms in the government. Thus, it did not provide much solace to the Russian peasantry, who soon discounted it as being nearly worthless. As a result, revolutionaries soon continued to engage in strikes similar to those occurring during the 1905 revolution.
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eHow Article: The Effects of the October Manifesto on the Trans Siberian Railway

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