What Causes Meningitis in Adults?

Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It is usually caused by an infection, either bacterial or viral. Viral infections may go away without treatment, but bacterial infections are very serious and may result in brain damage or death.

The Facts

Meningitis in adults can be caused by a number of different things. Bacterial meningitis is the most serious form. Other possible causes of meningitis include fungi, environmental toxins and reactions to medications. Meningitis in adults is sometimes triggered by certain forms of cancer, or inflammatory diseases.

Types

There are four basic types of meningitis, classified by their cause. Viral meningitis is the most common, and is usually less serious than other types. Bacterial meningitis is caused by a variety of different kinds of bacteria. Certain bacteria are more likely to infect infants, while others are more likely to infect adults. Fungal meningitis is rare, and is usually only contracted by patients suffering from damaged immune systems, such as a patient with HIV. Amoebic meningitis is very rare and is often deadly. It is caused by amoebas living in stagnant fresh water pools.

Risk Factors

Certain adults are at higher risk of developing meningitis than average people. These factors include being over age 60, living in close quarters with others, such as in a dormitory or barracks, or having recently been exposed to meningitis. Certain existing conditions are also risk factors, including alcoholism, intravenous drug use, cancer and diabetes.

Symptoms

Severe headache and stiff neck are the most well-known symptoms of meningitis. Other symptoms include a rash, fever, nausea, vomiting, confusion or an inability to tolerate light. A person with meningitis may be difficult to wake up.

Considerations

Meningitis can be contracted by being in contact with someone who has the disease. Some people carry the bacteria in their nose or throat, but don't become sick. Being in crowded situations, such as in dormitories, can increase the risk of contracting the disease. Sharing drinking glasses or eating utensils further increases the risk.

Prevention/Solution

Practicing good hygiene and health habits can help prevent meningitis. Wash your hands, cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze, eat a healthy diet and get plenty of rest. According to the Mayo Clinic, some forms of bacterial meningitis are preventable with vaccines.

Warning

An infection with meningococcal bacteria is a serious, potentially fatal disease. This disease can kill a healthy person within 48 hours. Severe swelling in the brain and blood poisoning can lead to brain damage, loss of limbs, hearing loss or kidney damage. If there is any chance you or a loved one could have this disease, see a doctor immediately.

References

• Understanding Meningitis
• Omni Medical Search

Resources

• Center for Disease Control
• Mayo Clinic