Causes of Chronic Sinus Congestion
Sinus congestion is a painful condition that can last for weeks at a time. It may be a symptom of the common cold, flu or a sinus infection. Rest, fluids and sometimes medications may be needed to clear up the congestion. Unfortunately, recurrent episodes of congestion may suggest a more serious condition. In general, this condition is considered chronic if it lasts a minimum of three months. During this time, the condition may subside but continue to linger until it finally clears.
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Drainage
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Sinus congestion results when the sinuses, or air passageways, are unable to be drained. Drainage occurs by the secretion of mucus through the nostrils. To easily pass through the sinuses, mucus should be thin. Bacteria and other irritants, such as dust and pollen, are absorbed by the mucus and are excreted through the nasal passageways with the help of hair-like substances called cilia. Thickened mucus that is unable to be drained allows bacteria to remain in the body and multiply.
Overuse of Medications
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Antibiotics are often used to treat sinus congestion. They attack and destroy the bacteria causing the infection. However, over-prescribing medication can make people immune to it. The over-prescribing of antibiotics has been associated with the development of chronic congestion. In addition, overuse of decongestants that provide immediate relief can actually cause the lining of the sinuses to swell. As an alternative to drops and sprays, using a neti pot also provides instant relief with no adverse side effects.
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Polyps
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Nasal polyps are growths in the nose that form blockages. These blockages make congestion more likely to occur. Although nasal polyps can be removed surgically, they often grow back. To avoid multiple surgeries, steroids are typically prescribed after surgery. Nasal steroids in the form of drops or sprays shrink existing nasal polyps and help to prevent new ones from forming. Nasonex and Flonase are examples of prescribed nasal steroids.
Deviated Septum
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The septum is the wall that separates the nostrils. It is made of cartilage and bone and lined with mucus. A straight septum allows air to pass freely through both nostrils. When the septum is not straight, it can obstruct one or both nasal passageways. This obstruction makes it difficult for mucus to pass through and makes the sinuses prone to infection. The only way to straighten the sinuses is through surgery.
Septoplasty
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Septoplasty is an outpatient procedure during which the septum is straightened. It is minor surgery that involves an incision in the nose. To make the septum straight, the bone and cartilage may need to be moved or removed. The procedure is preceded by anesthesia and lasts less than an hour. Recovery can take several days to a week.
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