What Causes Sinus Congestion?
Sinus congestion, which is also referred to as sinusitis or rhinosinusitis, can be a short-term or long-term condition and causes symptoms such as difficulty breathing, headaches and facial pain. There are many causes of sinus congestion, some of which can be treated with self care at home, and others that require medical treatments such as prescription drugs or surgery.
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Allergies
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Allergic reactions to pollen, dust and pet dander are common types of allergies that might result in sinus congestion. Allergic reactions can cause swelling inside the nose and nasal passages, and can increase the amount of mucus that is produced. The swelling and extra mucus together result in congestion of the sinuses.
Infections
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Many types of respiratory infections can cause sinus congestion, including fungal, bacterial and viral infections. Infections of the sinuses can be acute or chronic, and result in short term or long term congestion of the sinuses. Other types of infections that can cause sinus congestion include the common cold, influenza (flu) and pneumonia.
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Irritants
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Exposure to chemicals and particles at work, inside the home or outdoors can cause sinus congestion. Irritants such as tobacco smoke and household cleaners can cause swelling of the nasal passages, resulting in sinus congestion. Other respiratory irritants that may cause sinus congestion include scented detergents and perfumes, hairspray and pollution from auto traffic.
Medical Disorders
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Certain types of medical disorders may cause complications including sinus congestion. Children with enlarged adenoids or tonsils may develop sinus congestion that requires medical treatment. Other medical disorders that can cause sinus congestion include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), cystic fibrosis and gum and tooth infections.
Nasal Abnormalities
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Disorders or abnormalities with the structure of the nose, nasal passages and sinuses can cause sinus congestion. A deviated septum can slow the flow of mucus out of the sinuses and result in congestion. Injuries to the nose or upper cheeks can damage the nasal passages and cause persistent sinus congestion.
Obstructions
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People who use medical devices to help with breathing or feeding may develop sinus congestion caused by use of the device. Children may accidentally cause a nasal obstruction by sticking objects up their noses, which can result in congestion of the sinuses. In addition, polyps or tumors in the nose or nasal passages are growths that can obstruct the sinuses and cause congestion.
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