What Is the Definition of Sensory Integration?
Sensory integration is a subset of sensory processing. It involves the use of seven defined senses. Some children experience problems with their sensory integration skills and require therapy.
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Definition of Sensory Integration
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Sensory processing is when the brain sorts through input from the various sensory systems of the body to learn about one's environment. Sensory integration occurs when the brain then synthesizes and relates processed information to make functions happen in a proper response to the stimuli. The child can perform motor planning skills, such as walking up stairs, and otherwise interact with his environment.
The Seven Senses of Sensory Integration
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Sensory integration requires the processing of information received through seven different systems. Visual input, or seeing, comes through the eyes. Auditory input, or hearing, comes through the ears. Olfactory input, or smelling, comes through the nose. Gustatory input, or taste, comes through the tongue. Tactile input, or touch, comes through the skin. Vestibular input, or balance and movement, is determined through receptors in the inner ear. Proprioceptive input, or position, is determined by the muscles and joints.
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Sensory Processing Disorder
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Some children are incapable of properly receiving input or processing the input coming in through their sensory systems. This causes them problems in their daily functioning, often mistaken for simple behavioral problems. With a diagnosis of Sensory Integration Disorder (SID) or Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD), the child can receive beneficial therapies, such as occupational therapy, to help him integrate the sensory input. These diagnoses can be further broken down.
Sensory Modulation Disorder
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Sensory Modulation Disorder (SMD) can occur when children are overresponsive or hypersensitive to sensory stimuli. Others may be underresponsive or hyposensitive to sensory stimuli. Still others will seek out as much sensory input as possible. Finally, some will be a mix of all of these, depending on the situation and sensory input.
Sensory Discrimination Disorder
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Some children who have Sensory Discrimination Disorder (SDD) have difficulty distinguishing between various sensory inputs, therefore inappropriately responding to stimuli. They have difficulty in their social interactions and functioning in their environment.
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