The Causes of Bunions

A bunion is a deformity of the foot characterized by a visible bump, typically on the side of the big toe. The deformity is usually the result of faulty bone structure of the foot. The faulty bone structure is often inherited and may or may not lead to a bunion. Certain lifestyle factors and health conditions can aggravate the inferior bone structure, causing a bunion to develop over time. Although it happens infrequently, a bunion can also form on the joint of the little toe, in which case it is called a "tailor's bunion" or bunionette.

Features

Bunions don't just suddenly appear. They are a progressive disorder, developing slowly over time. Disruption of the normal balance of forces exerted on the tendons and joints of the foot can cause instability in the joint of the big toe, causing it to lean in toward the second toe. As the leaning continues, it causes a gradual change in the angle of the bones, causing the characteristic bump to develop. Symptoms of bunions typically appear in later stages, although some people never experience any symptoms.

Hereditary Factors

Bunions often run in families, although it's not the bunions themselves that are inherited. It's the type of foot structure that leads to faulty development, and eventually bunions, that is passed down. Bunions actually develop because of any number of reasons. Factors such as the way you walk, the shoes you wear or certain job requirements can lead to bunions.

Lifestyle Factors

According to the Mayo Clinic, the abnormal pressure and motion applied to the toe joint can be caused by wearing high-heeled shoes or shoes that are too tight. Some job duties may also contribute to the development of bunions. For example, cowboys and dancers are often plagued with bunions. Generally, anything that causes consistent rubbing or applied pressure to the foot can eventually cause bunions to develop.

Health Factors

Bunions are sometimes associated with certain health conditions. Several forms of arthritis--including degenerative and inflammatory forms--can cause the protective cartilage covering the big toe to deteriorate, which can lead to bunions. People with low arches or flat feet are prone to developing bunions. Foot injuries, congenital deformities and neuromuscular disorders can also cause bunions.

Considerations

Bunions don't go away and usually worsen as time passes. Some worsen more rapidly than others. Along with pain, bunions can cause difficulty walking and may eventually affect the other toes. For these reasons, the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons recommends evaluation and treatment of early-stage bunions.