The Definition of Kidney Dialysis

The kidneys are an integral part of your body's mechanics. Without the kidneys, waste would not be removed, and essential ions, nutrients and water would be lost. The kidneys receive blood into their filtration system, the glomeruli, and separate the hazardous waste from the beneficial products. When this system is damaged, blood becomes toxic, and it's fatal when left untreated. Kidney dialysis is a mechanical way to take over the function of the kidneys and flush the blood during chronic or acute kidney failure.

Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis is the most common form of kidney dialysis. This method is used to clean the blood directly from a vein. The machine receives blood, removes waste and excess water, and returns it to the arteries. Gaining access to the blood stream is done in two ways. The doctor inserts a catheter into a large vein in the neck, chest or leg. For those who need kidney dialysis several times a week, the doctor will create a connection between a vein and an artery. This connection is called a fistula, and it gives easier access and less hassle for the patient. Hemodialysis takes about three to five hours, and the procedure is done at least three times a week.

Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis uses the intestine to filter blood. Since nutrients are delivered to the intestine for absorption after eating, waste can be removed before it enters the blood stream. This form of dialysis uses a sugar and mineral solution that is injected into the intestines through a catheter. The solution picks up waste, chemicals and excess water. After several hours, the solution is removed along with the waste that mixes with the sugar. This process is done several times a day.

Risks and Benefits

As with any medical procedure, there are risks and benefits. The benefits are clean blood and stabilized blood pressure. Risks depend on the procedure implemented. With hemodialysis, blood clots and infection can occur at the site of the catheter or fistula. The sudden drop in blood pressure can make the patient dizzy or nauseous, and he may have muscle cramping. Peritoneal dialysis carries the same risks, except fever may occur and it can be more painful for the patient.

Home Care

When undergoing kidney dialysis treatments, it's important to maintain proper care of the fistula or site of the catheter. The incision area must be kept clean to avoid infection. Patients must follow doctor's orders for diet, and never consume more water than is recommended. Any abnormalities like dizziness or infection should be reported to a physician.