Skin Pigmentation Problems
Most skin pigmentation problems are diagnosed as hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation. Both affect melanin production, which is the substance that determines pigmentation in skin and hair. Hypopigmentation is when the body produces less melanin and hyperpigmentation is the result of too much melanin production. Both problems cover a range of conditions that cause the skin to become lighter or darker. The pigmentation problem is usually isolated to certain areas of the body, but in the case of albinism, may affect the entire system.
-
Melasma
-
Melasma is commonly called a "pregnancy mask" as it often affects pregnant women or women taking birth control. But, melasma may affect anyone and sun exposure increases the risk of developing melasma. Melasma is diagnosed when browning or darkening occurs on the face, often in a mask formation across the forehead, nose and cheeks. The condition will usually clear up on it's own after the hormones regulate or when sun exposure is limited. If the pigmentation problem remains, a doctor may prescribe skin lighteners, chemical peels or laser treatments.
Vitiligo
-
Vitiligo is a form of hypopigmentation and results in white patches on darker pigmented skin. Vitiligo can occur anywhere on the body. The condition tends to run in families and is linked to the immune system. Stress and trauma may exacerbate vitiligo symptoms. Treatments for vitiligo may include pigmentation therapy, topical immune suppressants and light treatments to stimulate melanin production.
-
Albinism
-
Albinism occurs when too little or no melanin is produced, resulting very light or white skin, hair and eye color. Albinism is caused by an inherited gene mutation. Albinism is not curable, but melanin production may increase naturally for some individuals. People with albinism have an increased risk of developing skin cancer, so daily protection from the sun is important.
Tinea Versicolor
-
Tinea versicolor is a fungal infection caused by yeast production. Symptoms of tinea versicolor include scaled skin and light or dark patches on the skin. The condition usually affects the trunk and arms and the patches may become more noticeable with sunlight exposure. Tinea versicolor may be treated with topical anti-fungal creams and cleansers, or oral medication may be prescribed for severe cases.
Acanthosis Nigricans
-
Acanthosis nigricans occurs when dark patches or marks appear in the folds of the skin. The condition is characterized by smooth velvet-like skin. Acanthosis nigricans has been linked to increased insulin and hormone changes. Individuals who are overweight or have darker skin have an increased risk of developing the condition. When an underlying condition is treated, the skin changes may reverse, or a retinoid may be prescribed to lighten the skin.
-
