What Is Gourmet Food?
Instead of being defined as any specific group of foods, gourmet food is a somewhat nebulous idea about the relative quality and rareness of ingredients and methods of preparation. Although typically associated with rich and elaborate food (in particular French cuisine), some items have made a crossover into more everyday cooking, and a touch of gourmet can be found in many homes. Does this Spark an idea?
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History
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Gourmet is a word with a checkered past. Interestingly, it is more properly applied, not to food, but to people, and in English this sense is retained by referring to a person who is knowledgeable about good food as a gourmet. However, according to Maddalena Deli, the word, in its strictest sense, should be limited to people who are knowledgeable about wine, as it is from an old word for a servant who worked with wine. The appropriate term, then, for someone similarly versed in food is gourmand; however, this word in English has long implied a person who simply enjoys overeating. Both terms have had derogatory connotations in the English language, typically depending on whether or not the speaker could himself appreciate gourmet food; gourmet has largely been rehabilitated as a positive word, though gourmand has not.
Significance
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Food falling into the gourmet category is associated with having the means to feed yourself for reasons other than sustenance alone. Many people, provided the time and resources, devote themselves to cultivating refined tastes, participating in food and wine tastings and classes, and even organizing trips to visit the world's great restaurants and growing regions.
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Features
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Gourmet meals are most traditionally served in several small courses. This is to give a broad but coherent flavor experience, and also to avoid overloading the palate (or the stomach) with the strong and rich flavors of gourmet food. Gourmet foods are known for their rareness, such as the coffee known as Kopi Luwak, which has been partially digested by an animal in Indonesia known as the Luwak, and expense, such as caviars costing hundreds of dollars per ounce.
Types
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Some of the best known gourmet foods include foie gras (force-fed fattened goose or duck liver) and pâté (a spread of this liver or other meat), caviar (roe, fish eggs), escargot (prepared snails), truffles (the world's most valuable mushrooms, served shaved), cheeses, including "triple cremes" like brie, and a number of other specialty products. Generally, there is a gourmet equivalent of most foods, including bacon and even candy.
Misconceptions
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Gourmet food was indeed, for a long time, the sole purview of a group of select very wealthy individuals. However, a growing movement to bring gourmet food to the United States (see Gourmet Magazine's "Extreme Frugality" in the Resources) has contributed to a growing gourmet food industry and, hence, to something of a decline in the price of gourmet foods. For more on purchasing gourmet foods, see Resources.
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