- Lymphedema is generally classified into two major types or forms: primary and secondary. Primary lymphedema is defined as a rare form of lymphedema, which is generally characterized by the absence or abnormalities in certain lymph nodes and lymph vessels from birth in an individual. Secondary lymphedema is a form of lymphedema that is characterized by reduced flow of lymphatic fluids through the lymph vessels. This is generally caused by infections, blood clots or even surgeries.
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In a study conducted by the Mayo Clinic, it was found that certain inheritable diseases and disorders--such as Milroy disease and Meige disease, among others--are among the most common factors leading to the development of primary lymphedema in new born children.
Milroy disease is an inheritable disease that's characterized by malformation of the lymph nodes in newborn children, This increases the probability of developing primary lymphedema due to reduced lymph flow through the lymphatic vessels, which causes inflammation.
Meige disease is also a hereditary disorder that causes the lymph nodes to develop without the proper valves that help to control the proper flow of lymphatic fluid. The absence of the valves leads to the accumulation of the fluid in various body parts, causing lymphedema. -
The most common factors causing secondary lymphedema in individuals include surgeries, infections and cancer. Surgeries such as breast cancer surgery can lead to secondary lymphedema due to the fact that during the surgical process, one or more lymph nodes are removed from the body. This increases the chances of developing secondary lymphedema due to the irregular flow of lymphatic fluid through the remaining lymph nodes.
Infections such as filariasis and cancerous outgrowths generally lead to secondary lymphedema by blocking the passage of the lymphatic fluids in the lymph vessels, leading to the accumulation of the fluid. - Other common factors that often lead to the development of lymphedema in individuals include exposure to radiation and injury to the lymph nodes. Certain medications such as Tamoxifen--often used to treat breast cancer patients--are considered to be one of the factors leading to lymphedema in individuals. This is because it causes clotting of blood in the veins, obstructing and narrowing the lymph vessels.
- Primary lymphedema cannot be prevented in any way because it's generally hereditary. But one can take certain preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing secondary lymphedema. Some of the most common preventive measures include avoiding any form of injuries and infections, resting the arm and legs at an inclined angle if diagnosed with lymphedema, and maintaining a healthy and balanced diet.
