Glycolic Acid Information

A member of the alpha-hydroxy acid family, glycolic acid is a naturally-occurring chemical that is commonly used in skin care products. Glycolic acid is derived from the sugar family. Like many other members of the alpha-hydroxy acid group, glycolic acid can be used to treat a variety of skin care concerns.

Types of Glycolic Acid Skin Care Products

Glycolic acid is found in a variety of different strengths and formulations. In over-the-counter items found at a drug store or department store, the glycolic acid concentration ranges from 5 to 12 percent. In glycolic acid products found in spas and dermatology offices, stronger concentrations up to 35 percent may be used. Glycolic acid can be found in facial cleansers, treatment gels, chemical peels and acne spot treatment products.

How Glycolic Acid Works

Glycolic acid is the smallest of all alpha-hydroxy acids, allowing it to work on the surface of the skin, as well as penetrate the deeper layers of skin. On the surface, glycolic acid works to dissolve the fatty molecules that allow dead, dry skin cells to adhere. By removing dead skin cells, the surface of the skin looks and feels softer and smoother, and moisturizers more easily penetrate the healthy skin.

Underneath the top layer of skin, glycolic acid works to kill the bacteria that causes acne, while also stimulating collagen production. When used over a long period of time, glycolic acid will help keep the skin clear and firm.

Glycolic Acid and Acne-prone Skin

For skin that is congested and prone to acne breakouts, regular use of glycolic acid will help produce clearer skin. To see optimal results, an esthetician (skin care professional) or dermatologist should recommend the right products and regimen to suit individual needs.

The most common options for treating acne with glycolic acid include regular glycolic acid peels in a spa or medical office, or leave-on treatments that are used nightly. Often, a combination of glycolic acid treatments are used.

Glycolic Acid and Mature Skin

As the skin ages, it begins to lose collagen and elastin, two essential components of tighter, firmer skin. Regular use of glycolic acid products can help to stimulate collagen production, slowing the aging of the skin.

To use glycolic acid to help combat the signs of aging, regular use of glycolic acid peels, at-home serums, and specialty treatments are often recommended.

Glycolic Acid Warnings

Because glycolic exfoliates the surface of skin, regular use of sunscreen is advised for anyone using glycolic acid skin care. Without the use of sunscreen, glycolic acids risk severe sunburn, even in the winter months. A study by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration demonstrated that people using an alpha-hydroxy acid without sunscreen experienced twice the skin damage than those who used an appropriate sunscreen.