What Are the Treatments for Atopic Dermatitis?
A common form of eczema, atopic dermatitis is a skin condition that affects children more than adults. Symptoms of atopic dermatitis include skin rashes, swelling, severe redness, extreme itching and crusted or weeping cracks in the skin. The symptoms usually lessen with age and may disappear by adulthood, but in many cases treatment is recommended.
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Antihistamines
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Antihistamines are used to reduce itching and redness associated with atopic dermatitis. As most antihistamines cause drowsiness, they are often prescribed for use before bed to help with sleep and prevent scratching at night. Parents should check with their doctor before administering over-the-counter antihistamines to children.
Topical Corticosteroids
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Corticosteroids help reduce inflammation and itching in most patients. Corticosteroids are prescription strength and treatment is not recommended for more than a few weeks at a time, but corticosteroids may be prescribed for future atopic dermatitis flare-ups as well. Side effects linked to long-term corticosteroid use are cataracts, slowed growth and increased risk of infection.
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Light Therapy
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Light therapy is done on an outpatient basis and involves exposing areas of the skin affected by atopic dermatitis to ultraviolet light. The treatment is usually done two to three times a week and several months of treatment may be needed to clear up symptoms. Light therapy may be used in conjunction with topical treatments to speed healing.
Calcineurin Inhibitors
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Calcineurin inhibitors suppress the immune system to help reduce and prevent redness and itching associated with atopic dermatitis. The medication is a topical ointment or cream and may be used when corticosteroids treatments aren't effective. Side effects of calcineurin inhibitors may include a temporary burning sensation, headaches and acne.
Home Care
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Preventative care at home is an important part of the treatment process. People suffering from atopic dermatitis are encouraged to bathe no more than once a day and use mild soap. Dry skin can exacerbate symptoms, so a moisturizer should be applied immediately after bathing and throughout the day. Thick creams or emollients that help lock in moisture without absorbing into the skin too quickly are favored over lotions. Wearing loose fitting cotton clothing will also help prevent further irritation.
Antibiotics
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A doctor may prescribe antibiotics for recurring cracks in the skin that result in bacterial infections. People taking immune system suppressors have an increased risk of secondary infection. An anti-fungal cream may also be prescribed if a fungal infection is present.
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